![Nursinglab.com
Peplau was born in Reading, Pennsylvania
[1909].
Diploma from Pottstown Hospital School
of Nursing in 1931.
Baccalaureate degree (BA) in
interpersonal psychology from
Bennington College in 1943.
Masters in psych. nursing from Columbia
University in 1947
Developed and chaired the graduate
Psych. nursing at Rutgers University.
Served in theWW II Army Nurse Corp,
W.H.O. and NIMH.
Worked at Bellevue Psych. Facility.
Served as president and executive
director of the ANA.
Peplau died March 17, 1999 (Current
Nursing, 2013)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/peplautheoryv-181019183234/85/Peplau-theory-version-2-2-320.jpg)
![Peplau theory [version.2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/peplautheoryv-181019183234/85/Peplau-theory-version-2-8-320.jpg)
![Assessment
•Data collection and analysis [continuous]
•May not be a felt need
Orientation
•Non continuous data collection
•Felt need
•Define needs
Nursing diagnosis
Planning
•Mutually set goals
Identification
•Interdependent goal setting
Implementation
•Plans initiated towards achievement of mutually set
goals
•May be accomplished by patient , nurse or family
Exploitation
•Patient actively seeking and drawing help
•Patient initiated
Evaluation
•Based on mutually expected behaviors
•May led to termination and initiation of new plans
Resolution
•Occurs after other phases are completed successfully
•Leads to termination
(Current Nursing, 2013)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/peplautheoryv-181019183234/85/Peplau-theory-version-2-12-320.jpg)
Peplau theory [version.2]
- 1. Tammie Bloxton and PreciousTembo . James Madison University . NSG 463 With associate of A.noori bsn p.nemtzad bsn s.mozafari bsn guilan medical University and special thanks Jennifer Lamb &Tanna Meadows
- 2. Nursinglab.com Peplau was born in Reading, Pennsylvania [1909]. Diploma from Pottstown Hospital School of Nursing in 1931. Baccalaureate degree (BA) in interpersonal psychology from Bennington College in 1943. Masters in psych. nursing from Columbia University in 1947 Developed and chaired the graduate Psych. nursing at Rutgers University. Served in theWW II Army Nurse Corp, W.H.O. and NIMH. Worked at Bellevue Psych. Facility. Served as president and executive director of the ANA. Peplau died March 17, 1999 (Current Nursing, 2013)
- 3. Published in 1952. Nursinglab.com
- 4. As a child, Peplau witnessed the devastating flu epidemic of 1918, which greatly impacted her understanding of illness and death (Current Nursing, 2013). Her work with psychiatric patients at Bellevue psychiatric Facility greatly influenced her career. Peplau helped pass the Mental Health Act of 1946(Nursinglab, 2013)
- 5. Theory of interpersonal Relations Hildegard E. Peplau Interpersonal Theory (Harry Stack Sullivan) Analytic Psychiatry (Erich Fromm) & (Sigmund Freud) Theory of Human Motivation (Abraham Maslow) Personality Theory (Neal Edgar Miller) General Systems Theory (Ludwig Von Bertalanffy) (Current Nursing, 2013 & Microsoft word design)
- 6. • Emphasized the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice •The interpersonal model emphasizes the need for a partnership between nurse and client as opposed to the client passively receiving treatment (and the nurse passively acting out doctor's orders). What is Interpersonal RelationsTheory? • shared experience - Nurses could facilitate this through observation, description, formulation, interpretat ion, validation, and intervention
- 7. • Peplau’s theory is a middle range, descriptive, classification theory (Wayne, 2014). • Peplau’s theory is defined as, “An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse especially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help” (Wayne, 2014). Person: An individual . Lives in stable equilibrium • A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs. • Environment: Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture. • Health: A word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, • personal and community living. • Nursing: Involves problem-solving . A significant therapeutic interpersonal process. It functions cooperatively with other human process that make health possible for individuals in communities (Wayne, 2014)
- 9. Stranger- receives the client in the same way one meets a stranger, while providing an accepting climate that allows trust building. Teacher-helping the client learn formally and informally in reference to a need or interest. Resource Person-provides specific answers to questions within a larger context.
- 10. Counselor- helps to understand and integrate the meaning of current life situations while providing encouragement to make changes(current nursing, 2013). Surrogate-helps to clarify domains of dependence, interdependence and independence and acts on clients behalf as an advocate. Leader- helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way. (Current Nursing, 2013).
- 11. Orientation phase- is directed by the nurse and involves engaging the client in treatment, providing explanations information and answering questions. Identification phase- begins when the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger. Exploitation phase- client initiates and makes full use of the services offered. Resolution phase- the client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior, professional relationship terminates(Gonzalo, 2011).
- 12. Assessment •Data collection and analysis [continuous] •May not be a felt need Orientation •Non continuous data collection •Felt need •Define needs Nursing diagnosis Planning •Mutually set goals Identification •Interdependent goal setting Implementation •Plans initiated towards achievement of mutually set goals •May be accomplished by patient , nurse or family Exploitation •Patient actively seeking and drawing help •Patient initiated Evaluation •Based on mutually expected behaviors •May led to termination and initiation of new plans Resolution •Occurs after other phases are completed successfully •Leads to termination (Current Nursing, 2013)
- 13. Nursing Education • Has an impact on the Psychiatric Nursing especially in the baccalaureate program in nursing teaching CARE OF CLIENTS WITH MALADAPTIVE PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR (NCM 105) composed of 72 hours lecture and 102 hours RLE Practice • Focuses on the interpersonal processes and therapeutic relationship that develops between the nurse & client. • It requires that the nurse attends to the interpersonal processes that occur between the nurse and client. • Interpersonal process is maturing force for personality. It includes the nurse- client relationship, communication, pattern integration and the roles of the nurse. • Psychodynamic nursing is understanding one’s own behavior to help others identify felt and perceived difficulties and to apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience.
- 14. Research Based on Peplau’sTheory • Hays, D. (1961). Phases and steps of experimental teaching to patients of a concept of anxiety: Findings revealed that when taught by the experimental method, the patients were able to apply the concept of anxiety after the group was terminated. • Burd, S.F. Develop and test a nursing intervention framework for working with anxious patients: Students developed competency in beginning interpersonal relationship.
- 15. Understanding that nursing is a process and not an outcome we relate to Peplau’s phases that help guide nurses through a complex relationship between the client and the nurse. Peplau’s stated roles of a nurse help us to better understand our responsibility in the patient treatment process and to better facilitate treatment outcomes. According to Peplau, the professional nurse who becomes ever more mature recognizes the contribution of great nurses of the past without being intimidated or dominated by their contribution to the exclusion of consideration of all the new possibilities in the light of a changing social situation (D'Antonio, Beeber, Sills, & Naegle, 2014).
- 16. 1.Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized. 2.The theory cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need, such as with a patient who may be withdrawn
- 17. 1.The phases provide simplicity regarding the natural progression of the nurse-patient relationship (Peplau, 1989). 2.This simplicity leads to adaptability in any nurse- patient interaction. (Peplau, 1989).
- 18. 1.Therapeutic Communication Model on Anxiety and Depression in Patients Candidate for Coronary Artery Bypass http://eprints.ajums.ac.ir/id/eprint/7885 2. .plans curing and caring in participation patient’s Burned on theory Peplau onHilgard based grampro CommunicationTherapeutic of Effectiveness http://ecnm.shahed.ac.ir/article_215_0.html
- 19. Current Nursing, (2013). NursingTheories. Retrieved from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/ nursing_theorists.html Wayne, G., (2014). Hildegard E. Peplau-Psychiatric Nurse of the Century. Nurse labs. Retrieved from http://nurseslabs.com/ About Hildegard Peplau, (2015). American Nurses Association. Retrieved from: http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/Abo utANA/HonoringNurses/NationalAwardsProgram/HildegardP eplau
- 20. Gonzalo,A., (2011). Hildegard E. Peplau:Theory of Interpersonal Relations: Factors Influencing the Blending of the Nurse-Patient Relationship. Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/hildegard-e- peplau.html. D'Antonio, P. Beeber, L., Sills, G & Naegle, M., (2014).The future in the past: Hildegard Peplau and interpersonal relations in nursing. Nursing Inquiry; 21(4), 311-317 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12056.
- 21. Hildegard Peplau NursingTheorist Homepage. Retrieved from http://publish.uwo.ca/~cforchuk/peplau/peplau.html Hildegard PeplauTheory. (2013). Retrived from http://www.nursing- theory.org/theories-and-models/peplau-theory-of-interpersonal-relations.php Peplau, H.E. (1989). Pyschiatric times: tomorrow’s world. NursingJournal 83 (4). 29-32. Masters, K. (2014). Nursing Practice. Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. pp. 69-70.
Editor's Notes
- #3: Advisor to the World Health Organizations and National Institute of Mental Health.
- #4: Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing published in 1952.
- #6: Drew from behavioral psychologists theories to formulate her theory of interpersonal relations
- #9: Psychodynamic Nursing: According to D'Antonio, Beeber, Sills, & Naegle (2014), Peplau believed that the nurse had to know him or herself as well as they did the patient; that the nurse/patient relationship depends on the nurse clearly understanding her value belief system.
- #10: Peplau described six nursing roles that develop in the nurse patient relationship: Peplau was clear about what she thought of the role of the nurse
- #12: Peplau described these as
- #13: Peplau defines Nursing Process as a deliberate intellectual activity that guides the professional practice of nursing in providing care in an orderly, systematic manner (Current Nursing, 2013). According to Gonzallo ( 2011 ), The phases of the therapeutic nurse-client are highly comparable to the nursing process making it vastly applicable. Assessment coincides with the orientation phase; nursing diagnosis and planning with the identification phase; implementation as to the exploitation phase; and lastly, evaluation with the resolution phase.