Peripheral nerve disorders
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Peripheral nerve disorders are alterations in motor, sensory or autonomic peripheral nerves that can be caused by various metabolic, toxic, infectious or genetic factors. Symptoms include pain, numbness, weakness and sensory loss. Peripheral neuropathies can be classified as mononeuropathies affecting single nerves, mononeuropathies multiplex affecting multiple individual nerves, or polyneuropathies broadly affecting many nerves simultaneously. Clinical exams help identify affected nerves and patterns of injury.
Peripheral nerve disorders
- 2. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES • Is defined as alteration in function and structure of the motor, sensory or autonomic components of a peripheral nerve.
- 3. CATEGORIES AND ETIOLOGIES OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES • • • • • • • • • • Metabolic or nutritional. Drug induced. Industrial or environmental toxins. Connective tissue processes or vasculitis. Infections or infectious processes. Inflammatory processes. Neoplasms. Trauma or compressions. Entrapment syndromes. Heriditory disorders.
- 4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY • • • • Wallerian degeneration. Axonal degeneration. Primary neuronal degeneration. Segmental demyelination.
- 5. DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES • Mononeuropathy simplex or mononeuropathy. • Mononeuropathy multiplex. • Polyneuropathy.
- 6. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS • Pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, weakness, unstable balance. • Autonomic or trophic changes like cold, blue extremities, cutaneous hair loss, brittle finger or toenails. • Decrease or a loss of light touch and pinprick sensation. • Tingling, numbness, paraesthesia and disesthesia. • Neuropathic pain. • Deep tendon reflexes absent or decreased in affected muscels.
- 7. MONONEUROPATHY Types • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Ulnar nerve palsy. • Radial nerve palsy. • Peroneal nerve palsy.
- 9. TINEL’S SIGN
- 10. PHALEN’S SIGN
- 13. POLYNEUROPATHY