![Auto [Increment, Decrement]
• Similar to C
• For both integers and float
• ++ operator adds 1 to its operand
• -- operator subtracts 1 from its operand
• $x = $y++ is different from $x = ++$y](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2620393/85/Perl_Tutorial_v1-14-320.jpg)
![Array
• List is ordered scalar data
• Array holds list
• No limits
• Array variable name starts with @
– @var1
• Individual elements can be accessed
using $
– $var1[0] is the first element](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2620393/85/Perl_Tutorial_v1-16-320.jpg)
![Examples
• [aeiou]
• [^aeiou]
• [a-z]
• [0-9]
• [a-zA-Z0-9]
• hello|hey
• (ab)*](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2620393/85/Perl_Tutorial_v1-25-320.jpg)
Perl_Tutorial_v1
- 1. Perl Tutorial For Novice Part 1 Suresh Solaimuthu
- 2. History • Creator, Maintainer, Chief Architect – Larry Wall • Practical Extraction and Report Language • Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister • Pearl • Features from C, awk, tcl/tk
- 3. Basic • Use any editor to write a Perl program • Extension is .pl • Run in Unix as $perl <filename> • Make it executable and run as $./<filename>
- 4. Hello World! • Always the first line #!/usr/local/bin/perl is #!<pathtoperl> print “Hello Worldn”; • print prints to the standard output • print can also be used for printing into files
- 5. Standard Input/Output • Get the input from the user using <STDIN> – $x = <STDIN> gets the input from the user • Print to the standard output – print $x prints the value of $x – print “hello “,”world”,”n” prints hello world and newline character – print “hello ”.”world”.”n” also prints hello world and newline character – So what's the difference?!?!
- 6. Data Types • Scalar • Arrays • Associative
- 7. Scalar Variables • Basic kind • Can hold both numerics and strings and interchangeable – Eg.: $temp = ‘hi’ – $temp = 9 • Starts with “$” symbol followed by a letter and then by letters, numbers or underscores • Case sensitive
- 8. Numbers • Integers and Floats • Internally, Perl computes with double float • Integer Literals – 25 – 013 and 13 are different!!!! • Float Literals – 1.3 – -13e-19 == -1.3E-19
- 9. Strings • Sequence of characters • Each character is 8-bit • No limit on size!
- 10. String Literals • Single quoted – Anything inside the quotation has no special meaning except ' and – 'hey' – 'heytwazzup' is heytwazzup • Double quoted – Some characters have special meanings – “heytwazzup” is hey wazzup
- 11. Scalar Operators • Numbers – Mathematical Operators +,-,/,*,% – Comparison Operators <, <=, ==, >=, >, != • String – Repetition – x • “Hey” x 2 = “HeyHey” – Concatenation - . • “James”.” “.”Bond” = “James Bond” – Comparison lt, le, eq, ge, gt, ne
- 12. Number <--> String Operators • Careful with the Operators! • (1+1) x 3 = 222 • “a” + “b” is not an error • Be CAREFUL!
- 13. Assignment Operators • Assignment $LHS = $RHS – The value on the right is assigned to the left – $x = ($y = 13) – $x = $y = 13 • $x and $y has the value 13 • Binary Assignment – If the variable in LHS and RHS are same – $x = $x + 13 $x += 5 – Similarly, for other binary operators
- 14. Auto [Increment, Decrement] • Similar to C • For both integers and float • ++ operator adds 1 to its operand • -- operator subtracts 1 from its operand • $x = $y++ is different from $x = ++$y
- 15. Chop and Chomp • Chop – Removes and returns the last character from the input – $x = “huhn” – chop ($x) makes $x = “huh” – chop ($x) makes $x = “hu” • Chomp – Removes only the “n” from the input – $x = “huhn”; – chomp ($x) makes $x = “huh” – chomp ($x) makes $x = “huh”
- 16. Array • List is ordered scalar data • Array holds list • No limits • Array variable name starts with @ – @var1 • Individual elements can be accessed using $ – $var1[0] is the first element
- 17. Array Examples • List literals – (1,2,3) – (“hello”,1,1.2) – ($x+$y,10) – List constructor • (1..5) is (1,2,3,4,5) • Array – @a = (“hey”,”how”,”are”,”you”)
- 18. Array Functions • Sort – @x = sort (@y) will sort the array y and store it in x • @x = sort (“b”,”a”,”c”) will make @x = (“a”,”b”,”c”) • @x = sort (3,12,4,15) will make @x = (12,14,3,4)!! • Sort by number – @x = sort {$a <=> $b} (3,12,4,15) will make @x = (3,4,12,15)
- 19. Array Functions (cont.) • Reverse reverses the order of the elements in the array – @x = reverse (3,2,8) will make @x = (8,2,3) • Chomp removes the “n” from all the elements of the array – @x = chomp (“hellon”,”heyn”) will make @x = (“hello”,”hey”)
- 20. Regular Expressions • Useful and Powerful string manipulation functions • RE is a pattern to be matched against a string • The regular expression is contained within slashes and the matching operator is =~
- 21. Is it easy?!? • To find a pattern “hahaha” in a string $x – $x =~ /hahaha/ – If the above statement is true then “hahaha” is present in $x
- 22. Regular Expression Characters • Some special regular expression characters – . Single Character except newline – ^ Beginning of line – $ End of line – * Zero or more of the last character – + One of more of the last character – ? Zero or one of the last character
- 23. Examples • p.f • ^the • end$ • abac* • ^$
- 24. Some more symbols • Square brackets – To match any one character inside the bracket – Inside the bracket “^” indicates not – And “-” indicates between • Parenthesis – To group characters together • “|” – Either or
- 25. Examples • [aeiou] • [^aeiou] • [a-z] • [0-9] • [a-zA-Z0-9] • hello|hey • (ab)*
- 26. Substitution • $varname =~ s/old/new – The regular expression old will be replaced by new • $varname =~ s/old/new/g – All the old regular expressions will be replaced by new
- 27. Split • Splits a string based on the regular expression given – @parts = split (/<regExp>/, $x) – Eg.: $x = 1:2:3:4 – @parts = split (/:/, $x) – @parts = (1,2,3,4)
- 28. To be Continued!