PEShare.co.uk Shared Resource
- 1. Topic Well Need Need revised to to Applied Exercise Physiology check revise Health, exercise and fitness • Define ‘fitness’ and ‘health’ • Why is ‘fitness hard to define? • Define all components of fitness • What effect do lifestyle choices have on fitness? Nutrition • Identify 7 classes of food • Identify exercise-related functions • What constitutes a balanced diet? • What is energy balance? • Identify the differences in dietary composition between endurance and power athletes • Define ‘obesity’ • What are the limitations of the definitions? • Identify measure of body composition and nutritional suitability The Respiratory System • Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system • Explain the mechanics of breathing • Give definitions and values for respiratory volumes and capacities at rest and during exercise • Explain the principles of diffusion • Explain the importance of partial pressures in gaseous exchange • Describe the process of gaseous exchange at the lungs and muscles • Describe the effects of training on lung volumes and capacities and gaseous exchange • Explain the importance of carbon dioxide in controlling breathing • What is arterial-venous oxygen difference? • How does a-V02 diff differ during exercise from resting rates? The Cardiovascular System • Describe the structure of the heart and its function as a dual action pump • Explain the events of the cardiac cycle in relation to the conduction system • Define heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output • Give typical values of the above and describe the effect of various workloads on them • Draw and label expected heart rate curves for sub-maximal and maximal workloads • Describe pulmonary and systemic circulation? • Name and describe the structure of the blood vessels • Identify their main features in relation to their functions • Explain the importance of blood pressure in redistributing blood during exercise • Describe the venous return mechanism
- 2. • Explain the neural and hormonal components of the Cardiac Control System • Describe the effects of training on cardiac function • Define ‘bradycardia’ and ‘cardiac hypertrophy’ • How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported around the body? • How does exercise effect oxygen dissociation? Joints muscles and mechanics • Name the major bones and muscles of the body • Explain the role of joints in the body • Describe the structure of synovial joints • What is antagonistic muscle action? Give examples. • Describe isotonic and isometric muscle action • Identify 3 classes of levers with examples in the body • Explain how understanding levers can aid performance in sport • Explain mechanical disadvantage and range and speed of movement • Analyze movement in planes and axes of the body (7 actions) o Leg action in running o Shoulder action in over arm throwing o Shoulder action in racket strokes o Leg action in squats o Arm action in push ups o Leg action in kicking o Leg action in jumping Applied exercise physiology in practical situations • Name and explain the principles of training applied to a given performer (endurance, team game, strength) • Calculate optimal training intensities using heart rate, Borg scale and 1 rep max • Identify and outline 1 fitness test for each of the components of fitness • Why doe we use fitness tests? • What are their limitations? • Comment on the validity and reliability of each test • Explain the physiological value of warm ups and cool downs • Design and justify a warm up and cool down for a given performer (endurance, team games, strength) • Critically evaluate training methods and apply them to a given performer (endurance, team games, strength)
- 3. Topic Well Need Need revised to to Skill Acquisition check revise The nature of skill and ability • Identify the characteristics of a skilled performance • Explain the different types of skill and their influence on performance • Classify skills using continua and justify your reasons • Identify the characteristics of gross motor and psychomotor abilities • State the relationship between skill and ability Information Processing • Outline the stages of information processing models: simple model Whiting’s model • Discuss factors that effect decision making: reaction time Hick’s law PRP • Explain the function and value of feedback • Explain ‘motor programme’ and identify specific sub routines • Understand how movement is controlled using open and closed loop theory • Apply knowledge of motor programmes to practice situations Learning and Performance • Identify the difference between learning and performance • Outline the stages and characteristics of each phase of learning • Explain and interpret learning/performance curves • Identify possible causes for a learning plateau • Outline different forms of motivation and their impact on learning • Understand theories of learning: Cognitive insight Bandura’s observational model Schmidt’s Schema theory • Suggest how transfer of earning impacts skill development • Outline the principles of goal setting • Identify the different types of goals that can be used Skill acquisition in practical situations • Outline factors to consider when organising training sessions • Describe Mosston and Ashworth’s teaching styles • Outline when to use each effectively • Understand the various ways of presenting practices • Explain the different types of practices and when to use each one • Outline various forms of guidance • Explain how to optimise their use • Explain the importance of feedback and outline the different forms that can be used
- 4. Topic Well Need Need revised to to Opportunities of Participation check revise Concepts of physical activity • Outline the characteristics and objectives of play Understand its relationship with recreation Understand the difference between child play and adult play • Understand the characteristics of recreation • Identify the characteristics of leisure • What functions does it serve for individuals and society • What is its relationship with leisure? • Define ‘active leisure’. • Outline the objectives, values and characteristics of sport • Explore the concept of physical education, including its physical, social and intellectual objectives • Understand the educational and social values of physical education • Outline the nature of outdoor and adventurous activities in outdoor education and outdoor recreation? • Identify the characteristics and values associated with the natural environment, specifically risk and safety, challenge and adventure • Understand the development of outdoor activities as competitive sport • Outline the benefits of play, physical recreation as ‘active leisure’, physical education, outdoor and adventurous activities and sport to: the individual society. Development of physical education and policies to increase participation • appreciate the legacy of nineteenth century public schools in: the rationalisation of mob games creation of an educational context for team games • know about athleticism and Muscular Christianity with their concepts of character building, loyalty and leadership • trace the development of state schools physical activity to physical education and the rationale behind the changes 1870 Military Drill 1902 – 4 Model Course 1904/1909/1919 1933 • Understand how the post-1950 publication of Moving and Growing influenced present day in terms of child centred learning through the movement approach and greater curriculum breadth
- 5. • Use knowledge of the past to appreciate the structure, objectives and reasons for being of the current National Curriculum • Understand the role of the government through a century of changes in education, especially its control over education • Identify and outline initiatives: PESSCLS Sports College status School Sports Coordinators Active sports TOPS programmes Whole sports plans (WSP) • Identify the relevant organisations with responsibility for increasing participation: Sport England Youth Sports Trust National governing bodies Current administration and provision for active leisure • Understand the tradition of local authority provision for sport and physical recreation as a public service • Understand the central government policies of ‘best value’ and their impact on local authority provision for sport and physical activity • Understand the comparison of provision of sport and physical recreation between The public sector The private sector The voluntary sector Potential barriers to participation and solutions to increase participation • Define: Equal opportunity Discrimination Stereotyping Inclusiveness Prejudice • Outline the effectiveness of national governing bodies in achieving equal opportunities in active recreation and sport for a wise variety of social groups • Understand the barriers to participation and possible solutions to overcome them for: People with disabilities Low socio-economic groups Ethic minority groups gender