PIPING SYSTEMS, components, basic fundamentals
- 2. What is PIPING??? PIPING is a system of pipes used to convey Fluids(Liquids & Fluids) from one place to another. It consists of various components such as Pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, instruments, etc.
- 3. Codes of PIPING... • ASME B31.1 - Power Piping • ASME B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping • ASME B31.3 - Process Piping • ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation System for Liquids • ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmissions and Distribution Piping Systems
- 4. Process Flow Diagram Flow Chart Of Piping Systems Piping & Inst. Diagram Equipment Layout Piping General Arrangement Isometric Drawings Spools Fabrications Piping Support Purchase Specification Material Take Off Installation Piping Support GAD Fabrication Drawings Purchasing
- 5. Piping Work Flow • Design & Engineering • Procurement • Fabrication • Erection & Alignment • Hydro testing & Pre-Commissioning • Commissioning.
- 6. Design & Engineering Drawings:- • Process Flow Diagram • Piping & Inst. Diagram (P&ID) • General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) • Isometric Drawing • Piping Support Drawing.
- 7. Process Flow Model Digram
- 8. Piping & Instrumentation Model Diagram
- 10. Components in PIPING • Pipes • Fittings(Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Coupling, Olets) • Flanges • Valves • Fasteners • Speciality items (Strainers, Traps, Bellows) • Instruments (Pressure Gauge, Indicators, etc).
- 11. Diff. Between Pipe and Tube PIPE It is a tubular product of circular cross section that has specific sizes and thickness governed by particular dimensional standards. TUBE It is a hollow product having circular, elliptical or square cross section or cross section of the any closed perimeter. Tubes are also used for heat transfer purpose.
- 12. Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) • Pipes are designated by Nominal size, starting from 1/18” nominal size. • For the nominal size upto including 12” there is one unique OD(Diff. from nominal size) and ID would vary depending on the schedule of the pipe. • For nominal sizes 14” and above, OD is equal to Nominal size.
- 13. Fittings • Pipe fittings are the components which tie together pipelines, valves, and other parts of a piping system. • Fittings may come in butt Welded, Socket welded, screwed and flanged connections. • They are used to change the size of the line or its direction.
- 14. Standard Pipe Fittings BUTT WELD/SOCKET WELD/SCREWED/FLANGED TYPES ELBOW TEE REDUCER STUB END END CAP SWAGE COUPLING UNION SPECIAL FITTINGS 90* 45* EQUAL UNEQUAL CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC LONG SHORT CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC FULL HALF REDUCING LATROLET WELDOLET THREADOLET SOCKOLET NIPPOLET SWEEPOLET
- 15. ELBOWS TEES REDUCERS STUB END COUPLINGS UNION Various Types of Fittings
- 16. Various Types of Olets
- 17. Flanges A pipe flange is a disc, collar or ring that attaches to pipe with the purpose of providing increased support for strength, blocking off a pipeline or implementing the attachment of more items. They are usually welded or screwed to the pipe end and are connected with bolts.
- 18. Types of Flanges • Weld Neck • Socket Weld • Lap Joint • Threaded • Slip-On • Blind
- 19. Types of Flanges WELD NECK SOCKET WELD LAP JOINT THREADED SLIP-ON BLIND
- 20. Valves Valves are installed in between the pipes/equipment to perform following functions:- • Isolation (Gate, Ball, Butterfly) • Regulation (Globe, Needle) • Non-return (Check, SDNR) • Special purpose (Foot)
- 21. Types Of Valves BALL GATE GLOBE CHECK (Lift type) BUTTERFLY NEEDLE
- 22. Operations • Cutting • Bending • Forming • Welding Cutting and bevelling of the edges by Mechanical Methods (lathes,grinding Wheels / Thermal methods (oxy – fuel gas cutting, Arc cutting).
- 23. Non-Destructive Test NDT is conducting in piping for check the quality of welded joints/components. •Radiography •Ultrasonic •Magnetic-particle •Liquid Penetration •Hydro & Pneumatic.
- 24. Types Of NDT RADIOGRAPHY ULTRASONIC LIQUID PENETRANT MAGNETIC PARTICLE
- 25. Testing Of Piping Systems Piping system can be tested for leak tightness and pressure integrity by hydro test / pneumatic test methods.
- 26. Hydro-testing 1.5 Design Pressure x stress value at test temp TEST PRESSURE stress value at design temperature TEST DURATION A leak test shall be maintained for at least 10 minutes, and all joints may be examined for leaks. TEST MEDIUM Water at ambient temperature is the test medium. Incase of possibility of freezing exists, other fluids may be used.
- 27. Pneumatic Testing 1.1 Design Pressure X stress value at test temp TEST PRESSURE stress value at design temperature TEST DURATION A leak test shall be maintained for at least 10 minutes, and all joints may be examined for leaks. TEST MEDIUM Air at ambient temperature is the test medium.
- 28. Defects
- 29. Safety Points • Drain the pipe line only when top outlet is kept Open. • Use minimum 2 Gauges for any hydro- testing. • Never use high discharge pumps for testing low volume pipe(Vol. <10 M ). • Never pressurize any line above the test pressure. 3
- 30. Thank You