Plack at OSCON 2010
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Plack is a superglue for Perl web frameworks that provides a common interface called PSGI (Perl Server Gateway Interface). PSGI allows any web application that returns status, headers, and content to work with any PSGI-compliant web server without needing server-specific code. Plack provides middleware, servers, and tools to develop and run PSGI applications. It allows frameworks like Catalyst, Dancer, and CGI::Application to run on many web servers like Starman, Twiggy, and mod_psgi without changes to framework code.
![# WSGI
def hello(environ, start_response):
start_response(“200 OK”, [
(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’)
])
return [“Hello World”]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-38-320.jpg)
![# Rack
class Hello
def call(env)
return [
200,
{ “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” },
[“Hello World”]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-43-320.jpg)
![# WSGI
def hello(environ, start_response):
start_response(“200 OK”, [
(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’)
])
return [“Hello World”]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-48-320.jpg)
![# Rack
class Hello
def call(env)
return [
200,
{ “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” },
[“Hello World”]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-49-320.jpg)
![# PSGI
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [
200,
[ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ],
[ ‘Hello World’ ],
];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-50-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
CGI-like environment variables
+ psgi.input, psgi.errors etc.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-52-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
Status code (int.): 200, 404 etc.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-53-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
Array reference of header pairs:
[ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/html’, ... ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-54-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
Array reference of content chunks
Filehandle or IO::Handle-ish obejct](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-55-320.jpg)
![# PSGI
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [
200,
[ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ],
[ ‘Hello World’ ],
];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-57-320.jpg)
![# Web::Simple
use Web::Simple ‘MyApp’;
package MyApp;
dispatch {
sub(GET) {
[ 200, [...], [ ‘Hello’ ] ];
}
};
my $app = MyApp->as_psgi;
# $app is a PSGI app!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-72-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
my $mw = sub {
my $env = shift;
# do something with $env
my $res = $app->($env);
# do something with $res;
return $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-95-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
use Plack::Builder;
builder {
enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”,
path => qr!^/static/!;
enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate
$app;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-99-320.jpg)
![use Plack::Test;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
test_psgi app => $app, client => sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”;
my $res = $cb->($req);
# test $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-109-320.jpg)
![use Plack::Test;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
$Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”;
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
test_psgi app => $app, client => sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”;
my $res = $cb->($req);
# test $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oscon-100721213055-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-OSCON-2010-110-320.jpg)
Plack at OSCON 2010
- 1. Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa YAPC::NA 2010
- 2. Tatsuhiko Miyagawa • Lives in San Francisco • Software Engineer @ Six Apart • http://search.cpan.org/~miyagawa/ • @miyagawa • http://bulknews.typepad.com/
- 4. Hello World
- 5. #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; print “Content-Type: text/plainrnrn”; print “Hello World”;
- 6. use FCGI; my $req = FCGI::Request(); while ($req->Accept >= 0) { print “Content-Type: text/plainrnrn”; print “Hello World”; }
- 7. package HelloWorld; use strict; use Apache::RequestRec; use Apache::RequestIO; use Apache::Const -compile => qw(OK); sub handler { my $r = shift; $r->content_type(‘text/plain’); $r->print(“Hello World”); return Apache::Const::OK; } 1;
- 8. package HelloWorld; use base qw(HTTP::Server::Simple::CGI); sub handle_request { my($self, $cgi) = @_; print “HTTP/1.0 200 OKrn”; print “Content-Type: text/plainrnrn”; print “Hello World”; } 1;
- 9. All similar but slightly different
- 10. Painful to support all of them :(
- 11. There is (was) one common way to do all of this.
- 12. #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $q = CGI->new; print $q->header(‘text/plain’); print “Hello World”;
- 13. Happens to work on: CGI, FastCGI, mod_perl (HTTP::Server::Simple::CGI)
- 14. CGI.pm mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd
- 15. CGI.pm? meh
- 17. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium
- 19. Let’s look how they handle web servers.
- 20. CGI.pm mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd
- 21. CGI::Application Apache IIS lighttpd
- 22. CGI::Application CGI.pm Apache IIS lighttpd
- 23. CGI::Application CGI.pm mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd
- 24. CGI::Application Jifty CGI.pm mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd
- 25. CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst CGI.pm mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd
- 26. CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst CGI.pm Catalyst::Engine mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd
- 27. CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst CGI.pm Catalyst::Engine mod_perl CGI fastcgi Apache IIS lighttpd nginx
- 28. CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst CGI.pm Catalyst::Engine mod_perl CGI fastcgi HTTP::Server ::Simple Apache IIS lighttpd nginx
- 29. Mason CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst CGI.pm Catalyst::Engine mod_perl CGI fastcgi HTTP::Server ::Simple Apache IIS lighttpd nginx
- 30. Mason CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst Mason::CGIHandler CGI.pm Catalyst::Engine mod_perl CGI fastcgi HTTP::Server ::Simple Apache IIS lighttpd nginx
- 31. Gross.
- 32. CGI.pm Jifty, CGI::Application, Spoon mod_perl centric Mason, Sledge, PageKit, WebGUI Adapters Catalyst, Maypole, Squatting
- 33. That was 2008.
- 34. Steal great idea from Python/Ruby
- 35. WSGI (Python) Rack (Ruby)
- 36. WSGI (PEP-333)
- 38. # WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]
- 39. WSGI • Django • mod_wsgi • Bottle • Paste • CherryPy • gunicorn • Tornado • uWSGI • Pylons • wsgiref • Flask • Google AppEngine
- 40. Django Bottle Flask Tornado WSGI middleware WSGI wsgi handlers Apache lighttpd nginx mod_wsgi GAE
- 41. Rack
- 43. # Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end
- 44. Rack • Rails • Unicorn • Merb • Thin • Sinatra • Mongrel • Camping • Rainbows! • Ramaze • Phusion Passenger • etc. • Heroku
- 45. Rails Merb Sinatra Ramaze Rack middleware Rack Rack handlers Apache lighttpd Thin Unicorn Mongrel
- 46. PSGI Perl Web Server Gateway Interface
- 47. Interface
- 48. # WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]
- 49. # Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end
- 50. # PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };
- 51. PSGI application code reference $app = sub {...};
- 52. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; CGI-like environment variables + psgi.input, psgi.errors etc.
- 53. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; Status code (int.): 200, 404 etc.
- 54. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; Array reference of header pairs: [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/html’, ... ]
- 55. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; Array reference of content chunks Filehandle or IO::Handle-ish obejct
- 56. That’s it. (There’s a callback based streaming interface as well)
- 57. # PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };
- 58. Now you’ve got a PSGI application.
- 59. PSGI makes it so simple to:
- 60. Write a new Perl web app & framework
- 61. Write a new Perl web server
- 62. Mason CGI::Application Jifty Catalyst Mason::CGIHandler CGI.pm Catalyst::Engine mod_perl CGI fastcgi HTTP::Server ::Simple Apache IIS lighttpd nginx
- 63. Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal
- 64. PSGI adaptation
- 65. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium
- 66. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium
- 67. Applications Movable Type 6, WebGUI 8
- 68. # Catalyst use MyApp; MyApp->setup_engine(‘PSGI’); my $app = sub { MyApp->run(@_) }; # $app is a PSGI app!
- 69. # Jifty use MyPonyApp; my $app = MyPonyApp->psgi_app; # $app is a PSGI app!
- 70. # Dancer use Dancer; get ‘/’ => sub { “Hello World”; }; dance; # returns a PSGI app!
- 71. # Mojolicious::Lite use Mojolicious::Lite; get ‘/:name’ => sub { my $self = shift; $self->render_text(‘Hello!’); }; app->start; # returns PSGI app
- 72. # Web::Simple use Web::Simple ‘MyApp’; package MyApp; dispatch { sub(GET) { [ 200, [...], [ ‘Hello’ ] ]; } }; my $app = MyApp->as_psgi; # $app is a PSGI app!
- 73. perldoc PSGI If you want to adapt your framework to PSGI.
- 75. HTTP::Server::PSGI Reference PSGI web server bundled in Plack
- 76. Plackup Runs PSGI app instantly from CLI (inspired by rackup)
- 78. Plack::Handler Connects PSGI apps to Web servers CGI, FastCGI, Apache, SCGI
- 79. PSGI Web Servers
- 80. Starman UNIX Preforking HTTP servers (like Unicorn.rb) HTTP/1.1 chunk + keep-alives / Very Fast
- 81. Starlet Simpler UNIX HTTP/1.0 Server Best used with Server::Starter and nginx/lighttpd
- 82. Twiggy Non-blocking web server (like Thin.rb) based on AnyEvent framework
- 83. Corona Coroutine for each connection based on Coro.pm
- 84. HTTP::Server::Simple::PSGI Zero-deps other than HTTP::Server::Simple Best for embedding PSGI applications
- 87. nginx embedded perl http://github.com/yappo/nginx-psgi-patchs
- 91. Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal Starman Twiggy uWSGI Corona evpsgi
- 92. Middleware
- 94. PSGI Middleware Wraps a PSGI application to add pre/post processing
- 95. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; my $mw = sub { my $env = shift; # do something with $env my $res = $app->($env); # do something with $res; return $res; };
- 96. PSGI Middleware coderef -> coderef Higher-order functions
- 97. Middleware Debug, Session, Logger, Runtime, Static, Lint, AccessLog, ConditionalGET, ErrorDocument, StackTrace, Auth::Basic, Auth::Digest, ReverseProxy, Refresh, Auth::OAuth, Hippie, Throttle
- 98. Plack::Middleware reusable and extensible Middleware framework Plack::Builder DSL in .psgi
- 99. my $app = sub { return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; use Plack::Builder; builder { enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”, path => qr!^/static/!; enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate $app; }
- 100. plackup compatible plackup -e ‘enable “Foo”;’ app.psgi
- 101. Middleware Write once, run in every framework
- 102. DEMO
- 103. Plack::App::URLMap Multiplex multiple apps Integrated with Builder DSL
- 104. use CatApp; use CGIApp; my $c1 = sub { CatApp->run }; my $c2 = sub { CGIApp->run_psgi }; use Plack::Builder; builder { mount “/cat” => $c1; mount “/cgi-app” => builder { enable “StackTrace”; $c2; }; }
- 105. CGI::PSGI Easy migration from CGI.pm
- 106. CGI::Emulate::PSGI CGI::Compile Easiest migration from CGI scripts (like Registry)
- 107. Plack::Request like libapreq (Apache::Request) wrapper APIs for middleware developers
- 108. Plack::Test Unified interface to write tests with Mock HTTP and Live HTTP
- 109. use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };
- 110. use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; $Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };
- 112. Plack::App::Directory Static content file server
- 113. Plack::App::Proxy (non-blocking) proxy server Can be used as reverse proxy as well
- 114. Plack::App::CGIBin mount /cgi-bin as PSGI applications
- 115. Plack::App::FCGIDispatcher Connect to FCGI daemon (even in Ruby, Python, C)
- 116. Plack::App::JSP Runs JavaScript PSGI apps :)
- 118. “I love this! It’s exactly the right answer to what i was looking for.” - Benjamin Trott
- 119. “Wow, this is nothing short of awesome.” - Stevan Little
- 120. “Plack is so simple, easy and powerful.” - Jesse Vincent
- 121. “Plack rocks. Miyagawa rocks.” - Piers Cawley
- 122. “Is he on too many drugs or too few? Either way let’s make sure that never changes.” - Matt S.Trout
- 125. You should join!
- 126. > cpanm Plack > cpanm Task::Plack
- 127. Cloud? (Heroku, GAE)
- 130. Runs on dankogai’s Sandbox
- 131. You can even try: system(“rm -fr /”); while (1) { }
- 132. Summary • PSGI is an interface, Plack is the code. • We have many (pretty fast) PSGI servers. • We have adapters and tools for most web frameworks. • Use it!
- 133. Remember: Plack is < 1y old
- 134. Lots of (exciting) things going on.
- 136. http://github.com/miyagawa/Plack http://plackperl.org/ irc://irc.perl.org/#plack
- 137. Questions?