Plants: Presentation One for Spaced Learning
- 1. PLANTS: A SPACED LEARNING LESSON 1st Presentation – No paper or pencils!! By: Andrea Kirk
- 3. NONVASCULAR PLANTS Nonvascular: These plants lack vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients. They rely on simple diffusion to move water, and must live in a moist environment. Cannot grow very tall because they lack vascular tissue. Lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Some have root-like structures called rhizoids Includes Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
- 5. NONVASCULAR PLANTS Life Cycle: The gametophyte is the dominant generation Does not utilize seeds, but uses wind blown spores to disperse the offspring. Flagellated sperm requires water to reach and fertilize the egg; another reason why they must live in a moist area.
- 8. VASCULAR PLANTS Vascular plants have specialized structures: Roots, stems, and leaves Differentiated tissues: meristematic, ground, vascular, and dermal tissues. Can grow much taller than nonvascular plants due to their vascular structures. The life cycle has a dominant sporophyte generation, in contrast to the dominant gametophyte in nonvascular plants
- 9. TISSUES Vascular plants have differentiated tissues that perform separate but important functions. Meristematic Tissue: consists of cells that grow and divide repeatedly. Vascular Tissue: these cells form the xylem and phloem that transport water and nutrients Ground Tissue: has cells that are rich in chloroplasts and conducts photosynthesis Dermal Tissue: these cells protect the vascular structures of the plant.
- 10. TISSUES IN VARIOUS PLANT PARTS
- 11. MAIN PLANT PARTS Roots Stems Leaves All of these parts contain dermal vascular and ground tissues.
- 12. THE ROOTS Functions: Anchoring Absorption Storage Structure: Root Hairs – increase the surface area for more absorption Zone of Elongation Meristematic Zone – part of the root tip where cells grow and divide to extend the root. Root Cap – protects the root tip
- 13. STRUCTURE
- 14. STEM Function: Connects the roots to the leaves and acts as the plumbing for the plant Structure: Xylem: One way Transports water and minerals upward Stiff, thick walls Phloem Two way Transports products of photosynthesis and water up and down Perforated walls
- 15. STRUCTURE
- 16. STRUCTURE
- 17. LEAVES Function: Capture the sunlight and are the main area of photosynthesis for the plant. Structure: Leaf Margins:
- 19. LEAF STRUCTURE Cuticle – waxy and water repellent. Excreted by the epidermis Epidermis - outer layer of cells Palisade Mesophyll – elongated cells that contain a lot of chlorophyll Spongy Mesophyll – Round irregular cells that allow for gas exchange Stoma – opening in the leaves for water and gas movement (more on the bottom of leaf) Guard Cells – “Guard” the stoma to open and close it. Vein – contains the xylem and phloem for the leaf.
- 20. LEAF STRUCTURE
- 22. TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS Seed: Gymnosperms Angiosperms Seedless: Ferns Whisk ferns Horsetails
- 23. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Gymnosperms: Ginkgos, Gnetales, cycads, and conifers “naked seeds” that are not enclosed in a protective structure. The ovule normally develops on the surface of a scale (cone) or at the tip of a modified leaf. Conifers are the most abundant gymnosperms and include pine trees Life Cycle: The Sporophyte is the dominant portion of the life cycle.
- 25. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Gymnosperms:
- 26. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Angiosperms The most diverse group of land plants. “Flowering plants” - the ovule develops inside a protective ovary. The mature ovary becomes a fruit. Life Cycle: The sporophyte is dominant. Double fertilization occurs to produce an endosperm, the food supply, and a zygote.
- 27. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Angiosperms
- 28. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Angiosperms Two main divisions of flowering plants. Monocotyledon: Monocots One cotyledon (seed leaf) Flower parts in threes Parallel leaf veins Scattered vascular bundles Dicotyledon: Dicots Two cotyledons Flower parts in fours and fives Net-like leaf veins Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
- 30. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Seed structure
- 31. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Include whisk ferns, ferns, club mosses, and horsetails. Life Cycle: The sporophyte is dominant Use windblown spores, not seeds, to disperse their offspring. The sperm is flagellated and requires water to reach the egg. These plants are limited to moist areas
- 33. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Sorus = cluster of sporangia that can be located on the underside of a fern leaf. Sporangia = enclosure of spores
- 34. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS: FERN Fiddlehead: An uncurling frond
- 35. BRAIN BREAK Stretch! 2 minutes Push-up/sit-ups Grab a partner Do as many push ups or sit ups as you can while your partner counts for you 4 minutes Switch and count your partners push ups and sit ups! 4 minutes