PLATE TECTONICS WEEK 2 PPT.pptx Grade 10 Science

PLATE
TECTONICS
Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and major mountain belts. S10ES –IA-J- 36.1

Vocabulary list with missing
letters.
No. Definition
1. The exact site of the origin of an earthquake, below the
epicenter.
2. The liquid rock below the Earth's surface.
3. A land mass that projects well above its surroundings;
higher than a hill.
4. A chain of mountains.(2 words)

Vocabulary list with missing letters.
No. Definition
5. Earthquake waves. (2 words)
6. The first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic
station, these compression waves are the fastest and
travel through solids, liquids, and gases (2 words)
7. The graphical record of an earthquake.
8. The second type of earthquake wave to be recorded in a
seismic station; these shearing waves are stronger than
P-waves, but only move through solids. (2 words)

Vocabulary list with missing
letters.
No. Definition
9. A volcano with accounts of eruption documented within
10,000 years. (2 words)
10. A big body of land on the globe.
11. A vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of energy.
12. The location on the Earth's surface directly above the
focus of an earthquake.

Vocabulary list with missing letters.
No. Definition
13. A measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the
intensity and direction and duration of movements of an
earthquake.
14. A Japanese term for “big wave in the port;” generated
during undersea quakes.
15. A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or
vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and
gas is being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

VOCABULARY WORDS
1. A_T_V_ VO_C_NO
2. _O_ _IN_ _T
3. _OU_TA_N R_N_E
4. _A_MA
5. M_U_TA_ _
6. E_ _T_ _U_KE

VOCABULARY WORDS
7. _PI_ _N_ _R
8. F_C_ _
9. _E_ _ND_ R_ WAVE
10. _E_SM_C W_V_S
11. P_IM_RY _A_ _
12. _E_S_OG_A_

VOCABULARY WORDS
13. S_I_ _O_RA_H
14. _S_NA_I
15. _OL_ANO

PLATE TECTONICS WEEK 2 PPT.pptx Grade 10 Science

Remember Where the Edges
Meet
What you have to do:
1. Get a separate sheet of paper for
your answers and observation. Do
not copy the questions, just write
your answer or observations

Remember Where the Edges
Meet
2. Study Map 1 (Distribution of Earthquakes) on
page 8 (loose page) that shows the earthquake
distribution around the world. The dark areas are
the earthquake epicenters. Take note of the areas
where they are closely situated. Answer the
following questions:

Remember Where the Edges Meet
a. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?
b. Where are they situated?
c. Look at your world map on page 10 and compare the
earthquake epicenters. Name the country/ies where
earthquakes may not happen.
d. Why are there no earthquakes on the country/ies you
mentioned?

3. Study Map 2 (Earth’s Major Volcanoes).Take
note that the dark dots are the active volcanoes.
e. How are volcanoes distributed?
f. Where are they situated?
g. Based on the map, which country/ies will
unlikely experience a volcanic eruption?

4. Cut Map 1 and Map 2 along the edges. Place Map 1
(Earthquakes) over Map 2 (Volcanoes). NOTE:
Remember to place the edges of the continents of each
map exactly on top of each other.
5. Bring the maps over any of the bright source of light
available (ceiling lamp, sunlight, flashlight/cellphone
light). Make sure you can see where the dark areas and
dots are.

h. How do you compare the location of majority of
earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes
around the world?
6. Study Map 3 (Mountain Chains), the coarse and
darker areas are the mountain ranges of the world.

7. Cut Map 3 along the edges. Place it under Map1 and
Map 2.
NOTE: Read first the descriptions below each arrow,
then cut these maps individually along the dotted lines.
Bring the maps over any bright source of light available.
i. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges
with the distribution of earthquake epicenters and
volcanoes?

9. Now that you have seen the location of
volcanoes, mountain ranges, and majority of
earthquake epicenters, study Figure 1 on page 5
(Map of Moving Plates) once more.
j. What do you think is the basis of scientists in
dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several plates?

a. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?
Answer: The world’s earthquakes are not distributed over the
Earth’s surface. They tend to be concentrated on narrow
zones
b. Where are they situated?
Answer:Some are located near the edges of the continents,
some are in mid-continents, while others are in oceans.

c. Look at your world map on page 10 and compare the
earthquake epicenters. Name the country/ies where
earthquakes may not happen.
Answer: Large part of the Pacific ocean,northernmost
Asia,majority of Europe, Eastern portion of N & S America,
and Western Africa.
d. Why are there no earthquakes on the country/ies you
mentioned?
Answer:Based on the map no records of earthquake
were seen.

e. How are volcanoes distributed?
Answer:Volcanoes are not randomly
distributed,majority are found along edges of some
continents.
f. Where are they situated?
Answer:Majority are found along the edges of
some continents, particularly in the western coast
of N & S America, east & southeast Asia

g. Based on the map, which country/ies will
unlikely experience a volcanic eruption?
Answer:

h. How do you compare the location of majority of
earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes
around the world?
Answer: Earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes
are both situated at the same location.
volcanoes?

volcanoes?
Answer: Mountain ranges are found in places where
volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are also located.

j. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing
Earth’s lithosphere into several plates?
Answer:Geologic activities such as
SEISMICITY(occurrence of earthquake), VOLCANISM,
and MOUNTAIN FORMATION ARE THE BASIS OF
scientists in DIVIDING EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE

PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
Plate Tectonics Theory
(www.ck12.org; Oskin, 2017)
- States that the crust is composed of
different plates which move either towards,
away or past each other.

PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
Plates are rigid sections of the lithosphere
that move as a unit.
Tectonics refers to the movement of the
lithosphere

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
the most known tectonic boundaries that
consist of many active volcanoes and where
frequent earthquakes occur . The “ring” is
composed of the boundaries of the Pacific
Plate, Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, Juan de
Fuca and Cocos plates, and the Nazca Plate.

FIND THE CENTER
Recording station Time difference of
P-wave and S-wave
(seconds)
Distance of
epicenter from
the station (km)
Batangas 44.8 560
Puerto Princesa 32 400
Davao 38.4 480

FIND THE CENTER
Recording station Time difference of
P-wave and S-wave
(seconds)
Distance of
epicenter from
the station (cm)
Batangas 44.8 4.2
Puerto Princesa 32 3
Davao 38.4 3.6

FIND THE CENTER
Q1. Where is the epicenter of this hypothetical
earthquake?
Answer: Negros
Q2. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have
data from two recording stations?
Answer: Assuming that the two circles will intersect, the
circles will intersect at two points. Therefore, there will
be two locations that could possibly be the epicenter.

FIND THE CENTER
Q3. What is the distance of the epicenter from the seismic
station?
The distance-time graph on page 10 of the
LM shows that the S-P interval is about 10
minutes.

FIND THE CENTER
Q4. What do you think is the importance of determining
the epicenter of an earthquake?
Answer:
Locating earthquake epicenters will pinpoint which fault lines
are active. Usually, the less active fault line stores great
amount of potential energy that could cause major
earthquake once released. Therefore, places near fault lines
that remain inactive for a long period of time are due to
experience a major earthquake.

Key concepts:
• In order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake, you
need to determine the time interval between the arrival
of the P and S waves (the S-P interval) on the
seismograms from at least three different stations. You
have to measure the interval to the closest second and
then use a graph (Distance-time graph on page 10 of the
LM) to convert the S-P interval to the epicentral distance.

Key concepts:
• Once you have the epicentral distances, you can
draw circles to represent each distance on a map.
The radius of each circle corresponds to the
epicentral distance for each seismic recording
station. Once you have drawn all three circles and
located the point where all three intersect, you will
have successfully located (triangulated) the
epicenter of the earthquake.

Key concepts:
•Primary or P-Waves- the fastest kind of waves,
thus arrive at the seismic stations first.
• Secondary or S-Waves- slower than the P-
waves.
•Both P and S waves travel into the Earth’s
interior.

Key concepts:
•Epicenter- the part of the Earth’s surface directly
above the focus of an earthquake.
•Focus- also called the hypocenter; it is where the
earthquake waves start.
•Triangulation method- the method used to locate
the earthquake epicenter using distance information
from three seismic stations.

Key concepts:
•Seismograph - A device used to record earthquake
waves.
•Seismogram- A record made by a seismograph.
• Earthquake- Vibration of Earth due to the rapid
release of energy.

Key concepts:
Since P and S waves have different velocities,
they do not arrive at seismic stations at the same
time. The farther the recording instrument is from
the focus, the greater is the difference in the
arrival times of P and S waves. The difference in
the arrival time will tell us the distance of the
earthquake’s focus from the seismic recording
station. However, it does not tell in which
direction it came from.

Activity #3 What’s in Us?
Procedure: Compare and contrast the Primary (P) waves and
Secondary (S) waves. Complete the Venn diagram below by
writing their characteristics on their corresponding column and
their similarities on the specified column.

Activity No. 4: PROXIMITY
POINT!
Procedure:
1. Study the map of earthquake epicenters and
the location of volcanoes.
2. Using a ruler, measure the proximity of the
earthquakes from any volcano found in the map.
3. Study the records of volcanic activity within 20
years.

Activity No. 4: PROXIMITY POINT!
Procedure:
1. Study the map of earthquake epicenters and
the location of volcanoes.
2. Using a ruler, measure the proximity of the
earthquakes from any volcano found in the map.
3. Study the records of volcanic activity within 20
years.

1. How close is the earthquake epicenters to any volcano
found in the map?
2. Are all earthquakes possibly caused by volcanic activity?
3. Based on the records, did any of the volcanoes present have
activity in the past 20 years?
4. Is there any possibility that earthquakes can happen without
any volcanic activity?

1. How close is the earthquake epicenters to any volcano
found in the map?
Answer:
2. Are all earthquakes possibly caused by volcanic activity?
Answer:

3. Based on the records, did any of the volcanoes present have
activity in the past 20 years?
Answer:
4. Is there any possibility that earthquakes can happen without
any volcanic activity?
Answer:

Activity No. 5: STICK IT UP!
Objective:
Identify the longest and the highest mountain
range in the world.
Material: Map of mountain ranges, glue and colored
paper

Procedure:
1. In the given map identify the longest and the
highest mountain range in the world.
2. Stick the colored paper in identifying it. Red
colored paper for the highest and blue colored
paper for the longest mountain range.

Q1. What mountain range is the longest?
Q2. What mountain range is the highest?
Q3. Does the longest and highest mountain range
lie on the same location?
Q4. What are the mountain ranges in the map?
Q5. How many are the major mountain ranges in
the world?

Q1. What mountain range is the longest?
Answer:
Q2. What mountain range is the highest?
Answer:
Q3. Does the longest and highest mountain range
lie on the same location?
Answer:

Q4. What are the mountain ranges in the map?
Answer:
Q5. How many are the major mountain ranges in
the world?
Answer:

KEY CONCEPTS
A mountain range (mountain chain, mountain
belt) is a geographic area with many
mountains.
Mountain ranges are long chains or groups of
mountains. Ranges are usually 1,000 or more
miles long.

KEY CONCEPTS
Individual mountains of a range were often formed
by the same geological processes. In some cases,
however, an individual mountain may have been
formed by a different process. A volcanic mountain
can be formed by a rising pocket of magma, while a
nearby mountain may have been created earlier by
the stress of colliding tectonic plates, folding the
land upward to form mountains.

KEY CONCEPTS
MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES
1. Himalayas are one
of the highest mountain ranges in the world, located in
South Asia.
2. The Andes is the longest mountain range in the world
and boasts some of the highest peaks.
3. Alps, a small segment of a discontinuous mountain
chain that stretches from the Atlas Mountains of North
Africa across southern Europe and Asia to beyond the
Himalayas

KEY CONCEPTS
MAJOR RANGES
4. Rocky Mountains, byname the Rockies, mountain
range forming the cordilleran backbone of the great
upland system that dominates the western North
American continent.
5. Ural Mountains, also called the Urals, Russian Uralskie
Gory or Ural, mountain range forming a rugged spine in
west-central Russia and the major part of the traditional
physiographic boundary between Europe and Asia.

PLATE TECTONICS WEEK 2 PPT.pptx Grade 10 Science

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