PMR Science Seminar
1 like3,972 views
This document provides an outline of chapters and topics covered in a PMR Science Seminar presented by Wong Sook Yen at PusatTuisyen Universal. The seminar covers topics in biology, chemistry and physics across Form 1, Form 2 and Form 3 levels of the Malaysian secondary school curriculum. It includes chapters on cells, matter, resources, air, nutrition, biodiversity, ecosystems and more. The outline provides section headings, sub-headings and brief descriptions of the content to be discussed under each topic.
PMR Science Seminar
- 1. PMR Science Seminar PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen Chapter 1 - Introduction to Science Chapter 5 - The Air around Us 1.1 Whatis Science? 5.1 The Composition of Air Identify Natural Phenomena Composition of air 1.2 The Science Laboratory Composition of inhaled and exhaled air Safety and Precaution rules Experiment showing the percentage of oxygen in air Identify apparatus 5.2 Properties of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Functions of apparatus Comparison between Bunsen burner Solubility in water Hazard warning symbols Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide 1.3The Steps in a Scientific Investigation Solubility in alkaline pyrogallol solution Steps of Scientific Investigation Test for the presence of gases 3 Variables Effect on litmus paper Be able to state hypothesis and inference Effect on hydrogen carbonate indicator 1.4 PhysicalQuantities and TheirUnits 5.3 Oxygen is Needed for Respiration 5 Basic PhysicalQuantity and SI Units Understanding of Respiration Symbols and Measuringtools for Basic Quantity Properties of Inhaled air and Exhaled air 1.5 Weight and Mass Experiment showing that Differencesbetweenweight and mass Oxygen is required for respiration Conversion of unit (1kg = 10N) and Calculations Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration 1.6 Measuring Tools 5.4 Oxygen is Needed for Combustion Measuring length Conditions of Combustion Measuring diameter Combustion of carbon Measuring area Combustion of hydrocarbon Measuring volume Experiment showing that oxygen supports combustion Measuring temperature 5.5 Air Pollution Chapter 2 - Cell as a Unit of Life Examples of air pollutants 2.1 What is a Cell? Sources and effects of air pollutants Parts of a Microscope (12) Prevention and Control of air pollution Using a Microscope Chapter 6 - Sources of Energy Structure and functions of 6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy Animal cells (3) 8 Forms of energy Plant cells (6) Conversion of energy Comparison between animal cells and plant cells (6) 8 Sources of energy 2.2 Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms 6.2 Renewable and non-renewable energy sources Identify and classify Classification of various energy sources Unicellular organisms Chapter 7 – Heat Multicellular organisms 7.1 Heat as a Form of Energy 2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body Differences between heat and temperature Types and functions of Experiment showing the differences between heat and Cells (5) temperature Tissues (4) 7.2 The Effects of Heat Flow on Matter Organs Expansion and Contraction of Matter System Experiment of contraction and expansion of Chapter 3 – Matter Solid 3.1 What is Matter? Liquid Definition Gas ExperimentShowingthatmatter has mass and occupiesspace Methods of heat transfer 3.2 The Three States of Matter Conduction (experiment) Three states of matter Convection Comparison between solid, liquid and gas Radiation 3.3 The Concept of Density Application of heat transfer Calculation of density Heat conductors and heat insulators Relationship between buoyancy and density 7.3 Effect of Heat on Matter 3.4 Properties of Matter in Everyday Life Changes of states of matter Application of compressed gas Comparison between boiling and evaporation Application of concept of density 7.4 Application of Expansion and Contraction of Matter Chapter 4 - The Variety of Resources on Earth Thermometers Electric irons Bimetallic thermometers Railway tracks 4.1 The Various Resources of the Earth Rivets Electrical cables Importance of natural resources (6) Wheel axles Metal bridges 4.2 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Fire alarms Concrete road surfaces Identify and Recognize Elements, Compounds and Mixtures 7.5 Absorption and Radiation of Heat Comparison of Metal and Non-metals Comparison between good and bad heat reflector Comparison between Compounds and Mixtures Comparison between good and bad heat radiator Methods of Separation of Mixtures Comparison between good and bad heat absorber 4.3 Importance of the Earth’s Resources Dark and Dull Surfaces VS Bright and Shiny Surfaces Preservation and Conservation of Natural Resources Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen
- 2. PMR Science Seminar PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen Chapter 1 - The World through Our Senses Chemical Digestion of 1.1 SensoryOrgans and theirFunctions Carbohydrates – Starch The 5 Senses Protein Stimulus – ResponsePathway Fats 1.2 The Sense of Touch End Products of Digestion Location and functions of receptors Glucose Factors affecting sensitivity of skin Amino acids Braille Reading system for the Blinds Fatty acids and glycerols 1.3 The Sense of Smell 2.4 Absorption ofDigested Food Structures and Functions of the Nose Location for food absorption Sensory pathways for smell Structural adaptations of villi for maximum rate of absorption Explain why a person who has a runny nose is unable to detect 2.5 Reabsorption of Water and Defecation smells clearly. Location of food reabsorption 1.4 The Sense of Taste Types of food being reabsorbed Structures and Functions of the Tongue Types of remaining food Sensory Pathways for Taste Defecation Constipation – Causes and Solutions 1.5 The Sense of Hearing Structures and Functions of the Ear 2.6 Healthy Eating Habits The Hearing mechanism Location of food reabsorption 1.6 The Sense of Sight Types of food being reabsorbed Types of remaining food Structure and Functions of the Eye Defecation Formation of Image on the retina Constipation – Causes and Solutions 1.7 Light and Sight Reflection of Light and its Applications Chapter 3 – Biodiversity Refraction of Light 3.1 Biodiversity of Living Organisms Light Rays diagram for refraction of light Habitat of Living Organisms Phenomena of the refraction of light 3.2 Classifications of Living Organisms Vision defects and its corrections Classification of Animals Short-sightedness Vertebrates Long-sightedness Invertebrates Limitations of sight Classification of Plants Blind spot Flowering Optical illusion Non-flowering Types of vision Chapter 4 - Interdependenceamong Living Organisms Stereoscopic and the Environment Monocular 4.1 Interdependence among Living Organisms Sound and Hearing Know the relationships between Experiment showing that sound require medium for transfer Species Community Materials used as sound reflectors and sound absorbers Population Ecosystem Hearing defects and hearing aids Identify living and non-living components of an environment Limitations on hearing – old people Importance of maintaining a balanced ecosystem Characteristics of stereophonic hearing 4.2 Interaction between living organisms 1.9 Stimuli and Responses in Plants Define and recognize different types of interactions between Phototropism living things Hydrotropism Competition Geotropism Inter-species Thigmotropism Intra-species Nastic movement Symbiosis Chapter 2 - Nutrition Commensalism 2.1 Classes of Food Mutualism 7 Classes of Food Parasitism Examples Prey-predator Roles and Functions 4.3 Food Webs Food tests for the presence of Based on a food web, be able to identify Starch - __________ Producer Glucose - _________ Primary consumers Proteins - _________ Secondary consumers Fats - ____________ Decomposers 2.2 The Importance of Balanced Diet Converting food web into pyramid of numbers Factors that determines a balanced diet Predict the changes in the numbers of organisms Calorific value of food - Calculations 4.4 Photosynthesis Planning a balanced diet meal plan Writing word equation 2.3 Human Digestive System Requirements of photosynthesis Structures and Functions of Digestive Organs Experiment – Test for the presence of starch in leaves Pathway of food movement along the alimentary canal Importance of photosynthesis Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen
- 3. PMR Science Seminar PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen 4.5 Conservation and Preservation of Organisms 6.2 Application of the Principle of Air Pressure Three R’s – Recycle, Reuse, Reduce Identify location of high pressure and low pressure in Education Syringe Enforcement of Laws Rubber hook 4.6 Role of Human Beings in Maintaining the Balance of the Bicycle pump Nature Plunger Reforestation Pipette/rubber dropper Sustainable management of natural resources Drinking straw – with/without holes Three R’s Siphon Chapter 5 –Water and Solution Spray pump/aerosol can Storing Gas under high Pressure 5.1 Physical Characteristics of Water Freezing and Melting of water Chapter 7 – Dynamics Boiling of water 7.1 Force Effects of impurities on Definition of force Melting and Boling points Types of forces (4) Density Effects of forces Conduction of electricity Shape 5.2 Composition of Water Motion Water as a compound of Direction Hydrogen 7.2 Measurement of Force Oxygen SI unit of force – Newton (N) Electrolysis of water Conversion of Mass to Newton Aim Measuring device – Spring balance Experimental set up Experiment measuring the magnitude of force Products of electrolysis at anode and cathode 7.3 Application of Frictional Force Ratio of products of electrolysis of water Existence of Frictional force in daily activities 5.3 Evaporation of water Characteristics of Frictional force Process of evaporation Advantages/Disadvantages of friction Factors affecting the rate of evaporation of water (4) Ways to increase/decrease friction Applications of evaporation (2) 7.4 Application of Work 5.4 Solution and Solubility Definition of work done Identify Solute, Solvent and Solution SI unit of work done Comparing dilute, concentrated and saturated solutions Calculation of work done Ways to Dissolve undissolved solutes in a saturated solution 7.5 Application of Power Experiment - Comparing solution and suspension Definition of power Factors affecting the solubility of a solute SI unit of power Functions of various organic solvents Calculation of power 5.5 Acid and Alkali 7.6 Importance of Force in Life Identify acids and alkalis Chapter 8 – Support &Movement Characteristics of acids and alkalis 8.1 Support Systems in Animals Application of acids and alkalis Characteristics of 3 types of support systems Neutralisation Classification of animals with Mixing solutions of different pH to get neutral solution Endoskeleton Changes in colour of acid-base indicator Exoskeleton Write chemical equation Hydrostatic skeleton Determine the end-point of neutralisation Recognize parts of the Human Skeletal System (Pectoral, Pelvic) 5.6 Water Purification Compare and contrast support system of terrestrial and aquatic Natural sources of water animals Compare and contrast Methods of water purification Compare and contrast exoskeleton and hydrostatic skeleton of Filtration Chlorination invertebrates Boiling Distillation 8.2 Support Systems in Plants 5.7 Water Supply System Characteristics of support system of land plant Water purification/treatment process (7) Classification of support system of land plants 5.8 Preservation of Water Quality Woody Sources and effects of water pollutants Herbaceous Chapter 6 –Air Pressure Compare and contrast support system of woody and herbaceous plants 6.1 Air Pressure Xylem of woody plants increase support Formation of air pressure Cell turgidity keeps herbaceous plants remain upright position Experiment showing that air exerts pressure Characteristics of support system of aquatic plants Factors affecting air pressure Compare and contrast support system of terrestrial and aquatic Volume plants Temperature Sea level Special support features in land plants Experiment showing the increase/decrease in air pressure when Clasping roots Twining stems volume/ temperature change Tendrils Buttress roots Know the reason for why our ears feel painful at high altitude Thorns Prop roots Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen
- 4. PMR Science Seminar PusatTuisyen Universal, by Wong Sook Yen Chapter 9 - Stability FORM 3 9.1 Stability Chapter 1 – Respiration Determine the point of equilibrium of an object 1.1 HumanBreathingMechanism Factors affecting the stability of an object 1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the Human Body Base area 1.3 Importance of Healthy Respiratory System Level of centre of gravity Chapter 2 – Blood Circulation and Transport Mass 2.1 Transport System in the Human Body 9.2 Importance of Stability 2.2 Human Blood Ways to improve stability of certain objects/design 2.3 Transport System in Plants Increasing base area Chapter 3 – Excretion Lowering centre of gravity 3.1 HumanExcretory System Chapter 10 – Simple Machines 3.2 HumanUrinary System 10.1 Levers 3.3 Excretion in Plants Identify Fulcrum, Load and Effort Chapter 4 – Reproduction Identify 3 classes of levers 4.1 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Compare and contrast 3 classes of levers 4.2 Male Reproductive System Ways to overcome larger loads using the principle of levers 4.3 Female Reproductive System Calculations using the principles of moments 4.4 Menstrual Cycle 4.5 Fertilisation and Pregnancy 4.6 Importance of Prenatal Care 4.7 Importance of Research in Human Reproduction 4.8 Sexual Reproductive System of Flowering Plants 4.9 Pollination 4.10 Development of Fruits and Seeds in Plants 4.11 Germination of Seeds 4.12 Vegetative Reproduction in Flowering Plants Chapter 5 – Growth 5.1 Pattern of HumanGrowth Chapter 6 – Land and ItsResources 6.1 VariousMineralsFound in the Earth’sCrust 6.2 ReactionsbetweenMetals and Non-metals 6.3 Silicon Compounds 6.4 Calcium Compounds 6.5 Natural Fuel Resources and Their Importance Chapter 7 – Electricity 7.1 Electrostatics 7.2 Electricity 7.3 MeasuringElectricity 7.4 Relationship BetweenCurrent, Voltage and Resistance 7.5 Parellel and Series Circuits 7.6 Current, Voltage and Resistance in a Series Circuit 7.7 Current, Voltage and Resistance in a Parallel Circuit 7.8 Magnetism 7.9 Electromagnetism Chapter 8 – Generation of Electricity 8.1 Generation of ElectricalEnergy 8.2 Transformers 8.3 Electrical Transmission and Distribution System 8.4 ElectricalSupply and Wiring System at Home 8.5 Cost of ElectricalEnergy Usage 8.6 Functions of the Fuse and EarthWire 8.7 SafetyPrecautionswhenUsingElectricity 8.8 Importance of ConservingElectricity Chapter 9 – Stars and Galaxies 9.1 The Sun 9.2 Stars and Galaxies in the Universe 9.3 Existence of the Universe as a Gift fromGod Chapter 10 – Space Exploration 10.1 Development in the Field of Astronomy and Space Exploration Prepared by Miss Wong Sook Yen