![Points to remember Types of administration Topical Administration Transdermal patches Lozenges (disklike solid that dissolves in the mouth) Suppositories: best to be administered to those that are unconscious Plastic: disposable squeezable container Unit dose: Individually wrapped dose and labeled drugs; provides a second professional containers Multidose Large stock containers Reconstitution: dissolving a power into solution Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) [usually ordered in number of inhalation or puffs] Can be in a vial or plastic containers Must be able to teach the patients to breathe in and hold breath for 10 sec then exhale Rinse mouth after using inhalers or updrafts](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/points-to-remember-1222095798810593-8/85/Points-To-Remember-16-320.jpg)
Points To Remember
- 1. Points to remember Brenda Holmes MSN, RN
- 2. Points to remember Objectives Be able to remember specific points in math Be able to identify military time Be able to identify abbreviation for medication administration Be able to state 6 things that must be done before administrating medication Be able to identify wrong abbreviation Be able to identify Roman numerals
- 3. Points to remember Conversion Relating to Weight 2.2 lb. = 1 kg 16 oz = 1 lb Weight conversions of pounds to kilograms is done often because many medications are based on kilograms of body weight Body weight is essential
- 4. Points to remember Conversions relating to weight To convert pounds to kilograms, divide by 2.2. Round answer to the nearest tenth To convert pounds and ounces to kilograms, convert ounces to the nearest tenth of a pound; add this to the total pounds. Convert the total pounds to the kilograms and round answer to the nearest tenth To convert kilograms to pounds, multiply by 2.2. Round answer to the nearest tenth.
- 5. Points to remember Factors that influence drug dosages and action Route of administration Time of administration Age of client Nutritional status of the client Absorption and excretion of the drug Health status of the client Sex of the client Ethnicity and culture of the client Genetics
- 6. Points to remember Six Rights of Medication Administration The right drug The right dosage The right client The right route The right time The right documentation
- 7. Points to remember Administering a drug by a route other than what the form indicates constitutes a medication error. Regardless of the source of an error, if you administer the wrong dosage, or give a medication by a route other than what it is intended for, you are legally responsible for it.
- 8. Points to remember Never assume what an order states. Clarify an order when in doubt. If an order is not clear, or if the essential components are omitted, it is not a legal order and should not be implemented the nurse is accountable!
- 9. Points to remember Military Time Begins at midnight as 0000 1 a.m. to 12 noon remain the same 5 a.m. is 0500 From 1 p.m. on, add 12 5 p.m. is 1700
- 10. Points to remember Abbreviation for medication Bid SQ AP Tid Stat R Qid PO P Ac IM BP Pc IV HS SL Prn R
- 11. Points to remember JACHO has identified several abbreviation that is not safe MS (morphine), MSO ч (morphine sulfate), MgSo4 (magnesium sulfate): all must be written out U (units) QD (daily) or QOD (every other day) IU (international unit) Trailing zero (1.0): do not place zero after the number Lack of leading zero (.1): use 0.then the number µg (mcq or micrograms) AS, AD, AU (left ear, right ear, both ears) OS, OD, OY (left eye, right eye, both eyes)
- 12. Points to remember Roman Numerals Most common Roman Numerals that is found in the use of medication is V (5) X (10) XV (15)
- 13. Points to remember Parts of a drug label TRADE NAME: the trade name is usually capitalized and written in bold print. It is the first name written on the label. The trade name is always followed by the ® registration symbol GENERIC NAME: Official name of the drug Only one generic name Appears directly under the trade name Physician may order a patient’s drug generic/trade name Nurses’ need to be familiar with both name Occasionally, only the generic name will appear on the label DOSAGE STRENGTH: Indicates the amount or weight of medication that is supplied in the specific unit of measure May be in form of capsule, tablet, or milliliter
- 14. Points to remember Parts of a drug label Form Tablets, capsules, liquids, suppositories, and ointments Route Label will indicate how the drug to be administered Oral, topical, injection (subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular), or intravenous Amount: total volume may be indicated on the bottle Suspension or capsules Directions: Some must be mixed before use The amounts and types of diluent will be listed along with the resulting strenghts of the medication. Sometime information will be found on package inserts.
- 15. Points to remember Types of administration Oral route Plastic bubble, foil Plastic or glass container Sealed medicine cup Parenteral Route: must be specified to route Can be IM, SC, IVPB Ampule: glass container that must be broken to obtain the medication Not sterile after opening Vial glass container with sealed rubber top Plastic bags or glass vial Prefilled syringes: small vial with needle attached, that fits into a syringe holder
- 16. Points to remember Types of administration Topical Administration Transdermal patches Lozenges (disklike solid that dissolves in the mouth) Suppositories: best to be administered to those that are unconscious Plastic: disposable squeezable container Unit dose: Individually wrapped dose and labeled drugs; provides a second professional containers Multidose Large stock containers Reconstitution: dissolving a power into solution Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) [usually ordered in number of inhalation or puffs] Can be in a vial or plastic containers Must be able to teach the patients to breathe in and hold breath for 10 sec then exhale Rinse mouth after using inhalers or updrafts
- 17. Points to remember Prevent cross contamination: medication that has dropper, ointments, creams, should be labeled with patient’s name. To prevent contamination of creams in jars, use tongue blade depressors or sterile gloves to remove the creams
- 18. Points to remember Eye medication would be listed as opthalmic but occasionally you will find one that would be uses as eyedrops
- 19. Points to remember Changing grams to milligrams 1g=1000 milligrams. To achieve in finding the amount of mg to be given, multiply 1000mg to the amount of g to be given Rule: to multiply by 1000, move the decimal three places to the right Milligrams to gram: Divide by 1000,, move decimal three places to left Microgram: 1mg = 1000 mcg Rule: to divide by 1000, move the decimal point three places to the left Rule: To change milligrams to micrograms: multiply by 1000, move decimal point three places to the right
- 20. Points to remember Grain to milligram Remember gr XV = 1000 mg or 1 g Remember gr X = 600 (650) mg or 0.6 g Remember gr V = 300 (325) mg or 0.3 g Remember gr 1 = 60 (65) mg or 0.06 g Remember gr ½ = 30 mg or 0.03 g Remember gr 1/150 = 0.4mg