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Policy brief slums ruby patel

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nicoleauletta

Dharavi is one of the largest slums in Asia, home to over 1 million residents in just 2.1 square kilometers. It faces a major issue with access to safe drinking water, as many residents must purchase water from informal and unregulated sources that are susceptible to contamination. Both the national and state governments are responsible for ensuring access to safe water for all citizens according to policy, but implementation has been lacking, especially in Dharavi due to its large population and lack of formal land tenure, posing health risks that must be addressed.

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;FZ=:['X=8P]'XN[';6B8Z' 6;X=Z'STII !""#$$%&'%()*#%+)&#,%-.%/0),)1-%(234%%% 5346)-7%5)0),)$0&,) ()24).%C03,$0-D' !"#$%&'%("')%*"+),%"-"./"0./.+1%.2%34","-.%.(%"%-.&/"+.&2%&'%% !&+&)2*.'1?'V%2*.' 456"2.+",."2%/"*%"27%65(+%0)%"77,)(()7%01%+4)% X*)1".4*)' 8"4","(4+,."2%9+"+)%:&-),26)2+ '#&+&)2*.C#13.Y+&45&+'' % “The human right 80#%9$$3#% K1@*.+#*+2L)'.*)01+)&$&,&2-'21')1,@*'2(*' to water entitles !"#$%&'(%)'%'&##*+)*,-',%./*' 0.1$,*#5'' everyone to ),"#'010",%2&1+'3(&4('&)'1+,-' B(&)'01,&4-'$.&*?'H")2&?&*)'3(-'2(*' sufficient, safe, /.13&+/5'6441.7&+/'21'89:6;'<=+' 010",%2&1+'&)'&#01.2%+2>'3(-'G(%.%@&L)' acceptable , 6)&%>'231'1"2'1?'?&@*'".$%+'73*,,*.)' &,,*/%,'2*+".*'&)'+12''H")2&?&4%2&1+'?1.'2(&)' physically ,&@*'&+'),"#)5A'B(*'/.%0('$*,13' ("#%+&2%.&%+',%3'@&1,%2&1+>'%+7' accessible, and &,,")2.%2*)'2(*'0*.4*+2%/*'1?'),"#' ",2&#%2*,->'21')1,@*'2(*'0.1$,*#>'2(*' affordable water /1@*.+#*+2'#")2',*/%,&M*'2*+".*'1?'2(*' 010",%2&1+)'&+'".$%+'%.*%)>'%+7' for personal and domestic use.”E =+7&%'&)'&+'2(*'210C(%,?'1?'2(&)',&)2D 5'' .*)&7*+2)'%+7'*)2%$,&)('3%2*.'0&0*,&+*)' 2(.1"/(1"2'G(%.%@&'21'0.1@&7*'2(*)*' 4&2&M*+)'3&2(')%?*'3%2*.5'' WHY FOCUS ON :'.&#;&%'*%&0#%9$$3#% DHARAVI? Dharavi is one of the < =,6).%>'',7%?4#,@-.@%>,-',-&A% largest slums in Asia. 6441.7&+/'21'2(*'NO';10",%2&1+'P"+7>' Finding an effective DQR'1?'2(*'S'$&,,&1+'".$%+'010",%2&1+' solution to safe water /.132('$-'STUT'3&,,'$*'&+',*))' here means setting an 7*@*,10*7'.*/&1+)')"4('%)'),"#)IT5' example for the rest of B(*)*'73*,,&+/)')(1",7'$*'%'4*+2.%,' the worlds emerging ?14")'?1.'7*@*,10#*+25'V&2('G(%.%@&' urban poor populations. $*&+/'1+*'1?'2(*',%./*)2'),"#)'&+'6)&%>' ?&+7&+/'%+'*??*42&@*')1,"2&1+'21'2(*'&))"*' WHO IS 1?')%?*'3%2*.'%44*))'(*.*'41",7')*2'%+' RESPONSIBLE? *W%#0,*'?1.'12(*.'),"#)'$12('3&2(&+'2(*' Both National and Statew- 41"+2.-'%+7'2(.1"/(1"2'2(*'31.,75'' wide water policies < +)&#,%-$%)%B-@0&% guarantee safe water for ' B(*.*'%.*'#%+-'&))"*)'2(%2'+**7'21'$*' citizens. The problem is 9,"#'010",%2&1+)'%.*'%')1".4*'1?' 7*%,2'3&2('&+'G(%.%@&'%+7'12(*.'),"#)'&+' implementation. The %??1.7%$,*',%$1.'%+7'%.*'2(*' =+7&%>'$"2')%?*'3%2*.'%44*))'&)'%2'2(*'210' Maharashtrian $%4E$1+*'"01+'3(&4('".$%+' 1?'2(*',&)25'9%?*'3%2*.'&)'%'.&/(2'%+7'%+' Ministry of Water )*421.)'2(.&@*5'F+*')"4('010",%2&1+' "+7*.,-&+/'7*2*.#&+%+2'1?'(*%,2(5'6)' Resources must take &)'2(%2'1?'G(%.%@&'&+'!"#$%&>' *)2%$,&)(*7'$-'2(*'NO':1##&22**'1+' active steps to deal with !%(%.%)(2.%5'6'#%H1.'&))"*'2(%2' 841+1#&4>'914&%,>'%+7':",2".%,'X&/(2' the issue, because the *??*42)'2(*)*>'1@*.'I'#&,,&1+>'0*10,*' <B(*'("#%+'.&/(2'21'3%2*.'*+2&2,*)' population of Dharavi as &)'2(*',%4E'1?'%44*))'21')%?*'3%2*.J5'' *@*.-1+*'21')"??&4&*+2>')%?*>'%44*02%$,*'>' well as issue of safe water B(*',%4E'1?')%?*'3%2*.'&+'G(%.%@&'&)' 0(-)&4%,,-'%44*))&$,*>'%+7'%??1.7%$,*' access is only going to %'@&1,%2&1+'1?'("#%+&2%.&%+',%3'%+7' 3%2*.'?1.'0*.)1+%,'%+7'71#*)2&4'")*5A'S' grow. &2'&)'2(*'!%(%.%)(2.&%+'92%2*' =+'%77&2&1+'21'%'.&/(2>'2(*'NO'(%)'%,)1' RUBY PATEL rdmng5@gwmail.gwu.edu
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`'' $3HH2AK$&).D),D%'*%$)*#%I)&#,% 3%2*.'.*%4(*)'2(*'0*10,*5'8%4(' < ()*#%+)&#,%).D%F#)2&0% B(*'4"..*+2')&2"%2&1+'&)'2(%2' 4(&,7'31",7'$*'0.1@&7*7'3&2('%' O12'(%@&+/'%')"00,-'1?'3%2*.' 31#*+'?*24('3%2*.'?.1#' H"/>'3(&4('2(*-'31",7'4%..-'3&2(' 2(%2'&)'1?')%?*'a"%,&2-'&)'%')1".4*' *)2%$,&)(*7'2%0)')(%.*7'%#1+/)2' 2(*#'21'%+7'?.1#')4(11,5'8%4(' ?1.'#%+-'012*+2&%,'#1.$&7' #%+-'(1")*(1,7)'3&2(&+'%'7&)2.&42>' )4(11,'31",7'1$2%&+'3%2*.'?.1#' 41+7&2&1+)5'=+'G(%.%@&'2(*' %'+%2".%,'3%2*.')1".4*>'1.'?.1#'%+' 2%0)>'%+7'$*'*a"&00*7'3&2('2(*' #%H1.'&+?*42&1")'7&)*%)*)'%.*' &,,*/%,,-'0%&7'?1.'3%2*.'41++*42&1+' .*)1".4*)'21'4(*4E'2(*'3%2*.' #%,%.&%>'7*+/"*>',*021)0&.1)&)>' 3(&4('41",7'(%@*'&2)')1".4*'?.1#'%' a"%,&2-'%+7'&?'+**7*7'0".&?-'2(*' $%42*.&%,'7&%..(*%>'%+7' )*3%/*'1.'3%2*.',&+*'1+'2(*' 3%2*.5'' (*0%2&2&)5'6,,'1?'2(*)*'%.*')0.*%7' 1"2)E&.2)'1?'G(%.%@&5'B(*'2.&0'21'2(*' 6')&#&,%.'0.1/.%#'3%)')2%.2*7'&+' 2(.1"/('41+2%#&+%2*7'3%2*.J5' 3%2*.')1".4*'&)'"+)%?*>'2(*.*'&)'+1' :%,4"22%'@&,,%/*)'&+'STT`5'94(11,)' 91'$-'*+)".&+/'2(%2'G(%.%@&' /"%.%+2**'2(%2'2(*'2%0'1.' 3*.*'*a"&00*7'3&2('3%2*.' 73*,,*.)'(%@*'%44*))'21')%?*' 41++*42&1+'3&,,'(%@*'."++&+/' 0".&?&4%2&1+')-)2*#)'3(&4('7&7' 3%2*.>'1+*'#%H1.'*??*42'3&,,'$*' 3%2*.>'%+7',%)2,-'2(*'a"%,&2-'1?'2(*' +12'.*a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a"*)2&1+'2(%2'#")2'$*'7*%,2' P".2(*.#1.*'2(*'=+7&%+'O%2&1+%,' 3&2(5'' !&+&)2.-'1?'V%2*.'X*)1".4*)')2%2*)' < G'1#,.4#.&%H2)A$%.'%,'2#%-.% &+'2(*'O%2&1+%,'V%2*.';1,&4-'2(%2' I)&#,%D-$&,-63&-'.%6#")3$#% <V%2*.'&)'%'0.&#*'+%2".%,'.*)1".4*>' '*%&0#%&#.3,#%$&)&3$%'*% %'$%)&4'("#%+'+**75A_''G*%,&+/' ' /0),)1-% 3&2('2(*'&))"*'+13'31",7'#*%+'%' V%2*.'G&)2.&$"2&1+'&+'X".%,'94(11,' $*22*.'&+?.%)2."42".*'21')")2%&+'2(*' ' X*)&7*+2)'1?'G(%.%@&'%.*'+12' b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rdmng5@gwmail.gwu.edu
;FZ=:['X=8P]'XN[';6B8Z' 6;X=Z'STII 2(&)'&)'1+,-'%'@*.-'2*#01.%.-' 31",7'$*'21'41+2%42'2(*&.'?%#&,&*)' AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION )1,"2&1+5''' %+7'(%@*'2(*#'?&,*'2(*'%00.10.&%2*' • First provide safe water at school. < 9.&#,4#D-)&#%8#,4N% ,*/%,'714"#*+2%2&1+'?1.'2*+".*>' • Then contact families of students and ?$&)62-$0%D-$&,-"&%H-H#2-.#$% %+7'?&+%,,-'1$2%&+'2%W*)'?1.'2(*)*' use these established communities as *,'4%D-$&,-"&P"'22#"&#D% centers for districtly-based water pumps. (1#*)5'B(*'.*@*+"*'?.1#'2(*)*' • Finally contact families through schools *3.D$% 2%W*)'#")2'2(*+''$*')0*+2'21' and legalize their tenure. Use the B(*'",2&#%2*'/1%,'&+'G(%.%@&' 7*@*,10'#1.*'&+2.&4%2*'0&0*,&+*)' collected taxes to fund intricate pipeline 31",7'$*'21'(%@*',*/%,,-' 3&2(&+'2(*'),"#)')1'2(%2'*@*.-' development in the Dharavi *)2%$,&)(*7')%?*'3%2*.' (1")*(1,7'(%)'%'7&.*42'41++*42&1+' X*?*.*+4*)' 41++*42&1+)'?1.'*@*.-' 21')%?*'."++&+/'3%2*.'%+7'21' I5'P,"1.&7*'642&1+'O*231.E>';".*'3%2*.' (1")*(1,75'6+'&+2*.#*7&%2*' 0%.%,,*,'2(%2'0&0*,&+*)'2(%2'.*#1@*' 0.1#&)*'21'@&,,%/*')4(11,)]'STT`' (220]ee333S5?,"1.&7*%,*.251./e6,*.2e=+7 )2*0'31",7'$*'21'*)2%$,&)(' )*3%/*')1'2(%2'2(*'?%7*'3%2*.' &%e;".*C3%2*.C0.1#&)*C21C@&,,%/*C)4(11,)'' /1@*.+#*+2'?"+7*7'7&)2.&42,-C 71*)'+12'$*41#*'41+2%#&+%2*75' S5'K,1$%,'K1@*.+%+4*'V%24(>'K*+*.%,' $%)*7'3%2*.'0"#0)5'B(*' :1##*+2'O1'I_]'B(*'X&/(2'21'V%2*.' B(&)'31",7'$*'%'0,%")&$,*'2%)E' (220]ee3335/,1$%,/1@*.+%+4*3%24(51./e 7&)2.&42)'41",7'$*'1./%+&M*7' $*4%")*'1?'2(*'%,.*%7-'7*@*,10*7' .*)1".4*)e/*+*.%,C41##*+2C+1CI_CC2(*C $%)*7'1+'%,.*%7-'*)2%$,&)(' 7&)2.&42,-C$%)*7'3%2*.'0"#0)' .&/(2C21C3%2*.'' U5!%(%2.%)(2.%'92%2*>'V%2*.';1,&4-]'STTU' )4(11,)5'B(*'41##"+&2-' 3(&4('31",7')*.@*)'%)'2(*' (220]ee3335&+7&%3%2*.01.2%,51./e+17*e %))14&%2*7'3&2('*%4(')4(11,' 0.&#%.-'0&0*,&+*'2(%2'?**7)'2(*' ITQ^'' Q5'!%(%.%)(2.%'V%2*.'X*)1".4*)' 41",7'$*'.%,,&*7'21/*2(*.'%+7' )#%,,*.'#1.*'&+2.&4%2*'+*231.E'1?' X*/",%21.-'6"2(1.&2-]'STII' %)E*7'21'.%&)*'%')#%,,'-*%.,-' (1")*(1,7'0&0*,&+*)5'6,2(1"/('2(&)' (220]ee3335#3..%51./e*W2*.+%,f,&+E)50( ?"+75'B(&)'#1+*-'31",7'2(*+' 7*@*,10#*+2')4(*#*'3&,,'2%E*' 0g' _5'O%2&1+%,'!&+&)2.-'1?'V%2*.'X*)1".4*)>' /1'213%.7)'(%@&+/'2(*' 2&#*>'2(&)'%00.1%4('21'$"&,7&+/' ;1,&4-]'STTS' /1@*.+#*+2'*)2%$,&)(')%?*' 0&0*,&+*)'&)'4(*%0*.'2(%+' (220]ee3.#&+5+&45&+e&+7*WI5%)0h,&+E&7iS TIj,%+/&7iI'' 3%2*.'0"#0)'&+'2(%2'7&)2.&425''' .*$"&,7&+/'*+2&.*,-'+*3'.*)&7*+2' J5'X&)$"7>'O**,&#%'"#$%&%'#!%(!)&*+,!-./! c Q'.@%8#,4N%G-1#%B#$-D#.&$% $"&,7&+/'&+'2(*'),"#J5'9%?*'3%2*.' 0-./!"1.*21!3.!4./3-.!53631,7'STT^' '*%/0),)1-%Q#@)2%8#.3,#% %@%&,%$&,&2-'3&,,'7*4.*%)*'2(*' (220]ee3335)0%5%45&+eOX:e9;6k);.*)*+2 %2&1+9,"#B-01,1/-K.%7&+/507?'' ).D%/#1#2'H%9.&,-")&#% 0.*@%,*+4*'1?'#%H1.'@*421.C)0.*%7' ^5B&#*)'1?'=+7&%>'82-.63.'!9-612! >-H#2-.#$%*3.D#D%6A%8);#$' %+7'3%2*.'$1.+*'7&)*%)*)'2(%2' :%..1:63%.,!6%!,&*+,!.%6!&1'-&&#! B(*'.112'1?'2(*'0.1$,*#'&)'2(*' &+?*42'2(*'),"#5'd%@&+/'(*%,2(-' $12+3,,3;&17'STTII' (220]ee%.2&4,*)52&#*)1?&+7&%5&+7&%2&#*)541 &,,*/%,',%+7'2*+".*'1?'G(%.%@&' .*)&7*+2)'3&,,'*+)".*',*))'1?'%' #eSTIICTSC .*)&7*+2)5'B(*',1+/'2*.#'/1%,' $".7*+'1+'2(*'(*%,2(4%.*')*421.>' TIe#"#$%&eS`U^^`DJfIf3%2*.C 41++*42&1+)C,*/%,C)2%2")C3%2*.C)"00,-'' &)'21'.*/&)2*.',%+7'13+*.)(&0' %+7'2(&)'3&,,'2.%+),%2*'&+21'%#0,*' `5N+&2*7'O%2&1+>'B(*'!&,,*++&"#' %+7'2(*+',*/%,,-'2%W'2(*' (*%,2(-',%$1.'.*)1".4*)'%+7' G*@*,10#*+2'K1%,)]'STIT' .*)&7*+2)'%441.7&+/'21'2(*&.' )%2&)?&*7'4&2&M*+)'3(1')"001.2' (220]ee3335"+51./e#&,,*++&"#/1%,)e07? e!GKRSTX*01.2RSTSTITRST8+RST.I .*)0*42&@*'&+41#*'$.%4E*2)5' 2(*&.',14%,'/1@*.+#*+25''' _RSTC,13RST.*)RSTSTITTJI_RSTC F+4*'%/%&+>'")&+/')4(11,)'%)'%' ! 507?'' ! D5N+&2*7'O%2&1+)'89:6;>'92%2&)2&4%,' $%)*'/.1"+7'21'41+2%42'?%#&,&*)' [*%.$11E]'STT^' &)'2(*'$*)2'3%-'21'%441"+2'?1.' ! (220]ee3335"+*)4%051./e0"$,&4%2&1+)e7 %,,'2(*'(1")*(1,7)5'B(*' 01;%<501%="+)/%% *2%&,5%)0h&7iIS^_' >%?@,./%ABCC%% IT5'NO';10",%2&1+'P"+7>')6-61!%(!9%2&/! 4(&,7.*+'31",7'%,.*%7-'$*' $%$*&-63%.7<==>http://www.unfpa.org/sw D4)%:)&,E)%F"(4.2E+&2%G2.-),(.+1% %22*+7&+/')4(11,>'2(*'+*W2')2*0' p/1996/index.htm'' ,762EHIE*6"./JE*5J)75% !! RUBY PATEL ' rdmng5@gwmail.gwu.edu '

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Policy brief slums ruby patel

  • 1. ;FZ=:['X=8P]'XN[';6B8Z' 6;X=Z'STII !""#$$%&'%()*#%+)&#,%-.%/0),)1-%(234%%% 5346)-7%5)0),)$0&,) ()24).%C03,$0-D' !"#$%&'%("')%*"+),%"-"./"0./.+1%.2%34","-.%.(%"%-.&/"+.&2%&'%% !&+&)2*.'1?'V%2*.' 456"2.+",."2%/"*%"27%65(+%0)%"77,)(()7%01%+4)% X*)1".4*)' 8"4","(4+,."2%9+"+)%:&-),26)2+ '#&+&)2*.C#13.Y+&45&+'' % “The human right 80#%9$$3#% K1@*.+#*+2L)'.*)01+)&$&,&2-'21')1,@*'2(*' to water entitles !"#$%&'(%)'%'&##*+)*,-',%./*' 0.1$,*#5'' everyone to ),"#'010",%2&1+'3(&4('&)'1+,-' B(&)'01,&4-'$.&*?'H")2&?&*)'3(-'2(*' sufficient, safe, /.13&+/5'6441.7&+/'21'89:6;'<=+' 010",%2&1+'&)'&#01.2%+2>'3(-'G(%.%@&L)' acceptable , 6)&%>'231'1"2'1?'?&@*'".$%+'73*,,*.)' &,,*/%,'2*+".*'&)'+12''H")2&?&4%2&1+'?1.'2(&)' physically ,&@*'&+'),"#)5A'B(*'/.%0('$*,13' ("#%+&2%.&%+',%3'@&1,%2&1+>'%+7' accessible, and &,,")2.%2*)'2(*'0*.4*+2%/*'1?'),"#' ",2&#%2*,->'21')1,@*'2(*'0.1$,*#>'2(*' affordable water /1@*.+#*+2'#")2',*/%,&M*'2*+".*'1?'2(*' 010",%2&1+)'&+'".$%+'%.*%)>'%+7' for personal and domestic use.”E =+7&%'&)'&+'2(*'210C(%,?'1?'2(&)',&)2D 5'' .*)&7*+2)'%+7'*)2%$,&)('3%2*.'0&0*,&+*)' 2(.1"/(1"2'G(%.%@&'21'0.1@&7*'2(*)*' 4&2&M*+)'3&2(')%?*'3%2*.5'' WHY FOCUS ON :'.&#;&%'*%&0#%9$$3#% DHARAVI? Dharavi is one of the < =,6).%>'',7%?4#,@-.@%>,-',-&A% largest slums in Asia. 6441.7&+/'21'2(*'NO';10",%2&1+'P"+7>' Finding an effective DQR'1?'2(*'S'$&,,&1+'".$%+'010",%2&1+' solution to safe water /.132('$-'STUT'3&,,'$*'&+',*))' here means setting an 7*@*,10*7'.*/&1+)')"4('%)'),"#)IT5' example for the rest of B(*)*'73*,,&+/)')(1",7'$*'%'4*+2.%,' the worlds emerging ?14")'?1.'7*@*,10#*+25'V&2('G(%.%@&' urban poor populations. $*&+/'1+*'1?'2(*',%./*)2'),"#)'&+'6)&%>' ?&+7&+/'%+'*??*42&@*')1,"2&1+'21'2(*'&))"*' WHO IS 1?')%?*'3%2*.'%44*))'(*.*'41",7')*2'%+' RESPONSIBLE? *W%#0,*'?1.'12(*.'),"#)'$12('3&2(&+'2(*' Both National and Statew- 41"+2.-'%+7'2(.1"/(1"2'2(*'31.,75'' wide water policies < +)&#,%-$%)%B-@0&% guarantee safe water for ' B(*.*'%.*'#%+-'&))"*)'2(%2'+**7'21'$*' citizens. The problem is 9,"#'010",%2&1+)'%.*'%')1".4*'1?' 7*%,2'3&2('&+'G(%.%@&'%+7'12(*.'),"#)'&+' implementation. The %??1.7%$,*',%$1.'%+7'%.*'2(*' =+7&%>'$"2')%?*'3%2*.'%44*))'&)'%2'2(*'210' Maharashtrian $%4E$1+*'"01+'3(&4('".$%+' 1?'2(*',&)25'9%?*'3%2*.'&)'%'.&/(2'%+7'%+' Ministry of Water )*421.)'2(.&@*5'F+*')"4('010",%2&1+' "+7*.,-&+/'7*2*.#&+%+2'1?'(*%,2(5'6)' Resources must take &)'2(%2'1?'G(%.%@&'&+'!"#$%&>' *)2%$,&)(*7'$-'2(*'NO':1##&22**'1+' active steps to deal with !%(%.%)(2.%5'6'#%H1.'&))"*'2(%2' 841+1#&4>'914&%,>'%+7':",2".%,'X&/(2' the issue, because the *??*42)'2(*)*>'1@*.'I'#&,,&1+>'0*10,*' <B(*'("#%+'.&/(2'21'3%2*.'*+2&2,*)' population of Dharavi as &)'2(*',%4E'1?'%44*))'21')%?*'3%2*.J5'' *@*.-1+*'21')"??&4&*+2>')%?*>'%44*02%$,*'>' well as issue of safe water B(*',%4E'1?')%?*'3%2*.'&+'G(%.%@&'&)' 0(-)&4%,,-'%44*))&$,*>'%+7'%??1.7%$,*' access is only going to %'@&1,%2&1+'1?'("#%+&2%.&%+',%3'%+7' 3%2*.'?1.'0*.)1+%,'%+7'71#*)2&4'")*5A'S' grow. &2'&)'2(*'!%(%.%)(2.&%+'92%2*' =+'%77&2&1+'21'%'.&/(2>'2(*'NO'(%)'%,)1' RUBY PATEL rdmng5@gwmail.gwu.edu
  •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`'' $3HH2AK$&).D),D%'*%$)*#%I)&#,% 3%2*.'.*%4(*)'2(*'0*10,*5'8%4(' < ()*#%+)&#,%).D%F#)2&0% B(*'4"..*+2')&2"%2&1+'&)'2(%2' 4(&,7'31",7'$*'0.1@&7*7'3&2('%' O12'(%@&+/'%')"00,-'1?'3%2*.' 31#*+'?*24('3%2*.'?.1#' H"/>'3(&4('2(*-'31",7'4%..-'3&2(' 2(%2'&)'1?')%?*'a"%,&2-'&)'%')1".4*' *)2%$,&)(*7'2%0)')(%.*7'%#1+/)2' 2(*#'21'%+7'?.1#')4(11,5'8%4(' ?1.'#%+-'012*+2&%,'#1.$&7' #%+-'(1")*(1,7)'3&2(&+'%'7&)2.&42>' )4(11,'31",7'1$2%&+'3%2*.'?.1#' 41+7&2&1+)5'=+'G(%.%@&'2(*' %'+%2".%,'3%2*.')1".4*>'1.'?.1#'%+' 2%0)>'%+7'$*'*a"&00*7'3&2('2(*' #%H1.'&+?*42&1")'7&)*%)*)'%.*' &,,*/%,,-'0%&7'?1.'3%2*.'41++*42&1+' .*)1".4*)'21'4(*4E'2(*'3%2*.' #%,%.&%>'7*+/"*>',*021)0&.1)&)>' 3(&4('41",7'(%@*'&2)')1".4*'?.1#'%' a"%,&2-'%+7'&?'+**7*7'0".&?-'2(*' $%42*.&%,'7&%..(*%>'%+7' )*3%/*'1.'3%2*.',&+*'1+'2(*' 3%2*.5'' (*0%2&2&)5'6,,'1?'2(*)*'%.*')0.*%7' 1"2)E&.2)'1?'G(%.%@&5'B(*'2.&0'21'2(*' 6')&#&,%.'0.1/.%#'3%)')2%.2*7'&+' 2(.1"/('41+2%#&+%2*7'3%2*.J5' 3%2*.')1".4*'&)'"+)%?*>'2(*.*'&)'+1' :%,4"22%'@&,,%/*)'&+'STT`5'94(11,)' 91'$-'*+)".&+/'2(%2'G(%.%@&' /"%.%+2**'2(%2'2(*'2%0'1.' 3*.*'*a"&00*7'3&2('3%2*.' 73*,,*.)'(%@*'%44*))'21')%?*' 41++*42&1+'3&,,'(%@*'."++&+/' 0".&?&4%2&1+')-)2*#)'3(&4('7&7' 3%2*.>'1+*'#%H1.'*??*42'3&,,'$*' 3%2*.>'%+7',%)2,-'2(*'a"%,&2-'1?'2(*' +12'.*a"&.*'*,*42.&4&2-'%+7'3*.*' 2(%2'2(*'0.*@%,*+4*'1?'2(*)*' 3%2*.'&)'+12'4*.2%&+5'' @*.-',13'&+'41)2I5'B(*',14%,'3%2*.' 3%2*.$1.+*'%+7'@*421.')0.*%7' < G'1#,.4#.&%,#L3-,#D7%3.D#,% 3%)'0".&?&*7'2(.1"/('2(*)*' 7&)*%)*)'3&,,'7*4.*%)*5'' 034).-&),-).%2)I7%&'%H,'1-D#% )-)2*#)'%+7'2(*'4(&,7.*+'3*.*' :3,,#.&%>'2-"A' ' "-&-M#.$%I-&0%$)*#%I)&#,% /&@*+'2(&)')%?*'3%2*.'?1.'2(*#' < /0),)1-%D'#$%.'&%0)1#%2#@)2% 9&#0,-'%@1&7&+/'2(*'&))"*'3&2('2(*' %+7'2(*&.'?%#&,&*)5' 2).D%&#.3,#% H")2&?&4%2&1+'2(%2'G(%.%@&'71*)'+12' 6?2*.'&+7*0*+7*+4*'%+7'4,1)&+/' (%@*',*/%,'2*+".*'&)'+12'%44*02%$,*5' 1?'2*W2&,*'#&,,)>'2(&)')*22,*#*+2)' 9%?*'3%2*.'&)'%'("#%+&2%.&%+'.&/(2' 41+2&+"*7'21'7*@*,10'3&2(1"2' %+7'0.1@&7&+/'4&2&M*+)'3&2('2(&)' )*4".&2-'1?'2*+".*5'F3+*.)(&0' $%)&4'+*4*))&2-'&)'2(*'.*)01+)&$&,&2-' 1?'2(*',%+7'1?'G(%.%@&'&)'%'$&/' 1?'2(*'92%2*'K1@*.+#*+25' a"*)2&1+'2(%2'#")2'$*'7*%,2' P".2(*.#1.*'2(*'=+7&%+'O%2&1+%,' 3&2(5'' !&+&)2.-'1?'V%2*.'X*)1".4*)')2%2*)' < G'1#,.4#.&%H2)A$%.'%,'2#%-.% &+'2(*'O%2&1+%,'V%2*.';1,&4-'2(%2' I)&#,%D-$&,-63&-'.%6#")3$#% <V%2*.'&)'%'0.&#*'+%2".%,'.*)1".4*>' '*%&0#%&#.3,#%$&)&3$%'*% %'$%)&4'("#%+'+**75A_''G*%,&+/' ' /0),)1-% 3&2('2(*'&))"*'+13'31",7'#*%+'%' V%2*.'G&)2.&$"2&1+'&+'X".%,'94(11,' $*22*.'&+?.%)2."42".*'21')")2%&+'2(*' ' X*)&7*+2)'1?'G(%.%@&'%.*'+12' b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rdmng5@gwmail.gwu.edu
  • 3. ;FZ=:['X=8P]'XN[';6B8Z' 6;X=Z'STII 2(&)'&)'1+,-'%'@*.-'2*#01.%.-' 31",7'$*'21'41+2%42'2(*&.'?%#&,&*)' AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION )1,"2&1+5''' %+7'(%@*'2(*#'?&,*'2(*'%00.10.&%2*' • First provide safe water at school. < 9.&#,4#D-)&#%8#,4N% ,*/%,'714"#*+2%2&1+'?1.'2*+".*>' • Then contact families of students and ?$&)62-$0%D-$&,-"&%H-H#2-.#$% %+7'?&+%,,-'1$2%&+'2%W*)'?1.'2(*)*' use these established communities as *,'4%D-$&,-"&P"'22#"&#D% centers for districtly-based water pumps. (1#*)5'B(*'.*@*+"*'?.1#'2(*)*' • Finally contact families through schools *3.D$% 2%W*)'#")2'2(*+''$*')0*+2'21' and legalize their tenure. Use the B(*'",2&#%2*'/1%,'&+'G(%.%@&' 7*@*,10'#1.*'&+2.&4%2*'0&0*,&+*)' collected taxes to fund intricate pipeline 31",7'$*'21'(%@*',*/%,,-' 3&2(&+'2(*'),"#)')1'2(%2'*@*.-' development in the Dharavi *)2%$,&)(*7')%?*'3%2*.' (1")*(1,7'(%)'%'7&.*42'41++*42&1+' X*?*.*+4*)' 41++*42&1+)'?1.'*@*.-' 21')%?*'."++&+/'3%2*.'%+7'21' I5'P,"1.&7*'642&1+'O*231.E>';".*'3%2*.' (1")*(1,75'6+'&+2*.#*7&%2*' 0%.%,,*,'2(%2'0&0*,&+*)'2(%2'.*#1@*' 0.1#&)*'21'@&,,%/*')4(11,)]'STT`' (220]ee333S5?,"1.&7*%,*.251./e6,*.2e=+7 )2*0'31",7'$*'21'*)2%$,&)(' )*3%/*')1'2(%2'2(*'?%7*'3%2*.' &%e;".*C3%2*.C0.1#&)*C21C@&,,%/*C)4(11,)'' /1@*.+#*+2'?"+7*7'7&)2.&42,-C 71*)'+12'$*41#*'41+2%#&+%2*75' S5'K,1$%,'K1@*.+%+4*'V%24(>'K*+*.%,' $%)*7'3%2*.'0"#0)5'B(*' :1##*+2'O1'I_]'B(*'X&/(2'21'V%2*.' B(&)'31",7'$*'%'0,%")&$,*'2%)E' (220]ee3335/,1$%,/1@*.+%+4*3%24(51./e 7&)2.&42)'41",7'$*'1./%+&M*7' $*4%")*'1?'2(*'%,.*%7-'7*@*,10*7' .*)1".4*)e/*+*.%,C41##*+2C+1CI_CC2(*C $%)*7'1+'%,.*%7-'*)2%$,&)(' 7&)2.&42,-C$%)*7'3%2*.'0"#0)' .&/(2C21C3%2*.'' U5!%(%2.%)(2.%'92%2*>'V%2*.';1,&4-]'STTU' )4(11,)5'B(*'41##"+&2-' 3(&4('31",7')*.@*)'%)'2(*' (220]ee3335&+7&%3%2*.01.2%,51./e+17*e %))14&%2*7'3&2('*%4(')4(11,' 0.&#%.-'0&0*,&+*'2(%2'?**7)'2(*' ITQ^'' Q5'!%(%.%)(2.%'V%2*.'X*)1".4*)' 41",7'$*'.%,,&*7'21/*2(*.'%+7' )#%,,*.'#1.*'&+2.&4%2*'+*231.E'1?' X*/",%21.-'6"2(1.&2-]'STII' %)E*7'21'.%&)*'%')#%,,'-*%.,-' (1")*(1,7'0&0*,&+*)5'6,2(1"/('2(&)' (220]ee3335#3..%51./e*W2*.+%,f,&+E)50( ?"+75'B(&)'#1+*-'31",7'2(*+' 7*@*,10#*+2')4(*#*'3&,,'2%E*' 0g' _5'O%2&1+%,'!&+&)2.-'1?'V%2*.'X*)1".4*)>' /1'213%.7)'(%@&+/'2(*' 2&#*>'2(&)'%00.1%4('21'$"&,7&+/' ;1,&4-]'STTS' /1@*.+#*+2'*)2%$,&)(')%?*' 0&0*,&+*)'&)'4(*%0*.'2(%+' (220]ee3.#&+5+&45&+e&+7*WI5%)0h,&+E&7iS TIj,%+/&7iI'' 3%2*.'0"#0)'&+'2(%2'7&)2.&425''' .*$"&,7&+/'*+2&.*,-'+*3'.*)&7*+2' J5'X&)$"7>'O**,&#%'"#$%&%'#!%(!)&*+,!-./! c Q'.@%8#,4N%G-1#%B#$-D#.&$% $"&,7&+/'&+'2(*'),"#J5'9%?*'3%2*.' 0-./!"1.*21!3.!4./3-.!53631,7'STT^' '*%/0),)1-%Q#@)2%8#.3,#% %@%&,%$&,&2-'3&,,'7*4.*%)*'2(*' (220]ee3335)0%5%45&+eOX:e9;6k);.*)*+2 %2&1+9,"#B-01,1/-K.%7&+/507?'' ).D%/#1#2'H%9.&,-")&#% 0.*@%,*+4*'1?'#%H1.'@*421.C)0.*%7' ^5B&#*)'1?'=+7&%>'82-.63.'!9-612! >-H#2-.#$%*3.D#D%6A%8);#$' %+7'3%2*.'$1.+*'7&)*%)*)'2(%2' :%..1:63%.,!6%!,&*+,!.%6!&1'-&&#! B(*'.112'1?'2(*'0.1$,*#'&)'2(*' &+?*42'2(*'),"#5'd%@&+/'(*%,2(-' $12+3,,3;&17'STTII' (220]ee%.2&4,*)52&#*)1?&+7&%5&+7&%2&#*)541 &,,*/%,',%+7'2*+".*'1?'G(%.%@&' .*)&7*+2)'3&,,'*+)".*',*))'1?'%' #eSTIICTSC .*)&7*+2)5'B(*',1+/'2*.#'/1%,' $".7*+'1+'2(*'(*%,2(4%.*')*421.>' TIe#"#$%&eS`U^^`DJfIf3%2*.C 41++*42&1+)C,*/%,C)2%2")C3%2*.C)"00,-'' &)'21'.*/&)2*.',%+7'13+*.)(&0' %+7'2(&)'3&,,'2.%+),%2*'&+21'%#0,*' `5N+&2*7'O%2&1+>'B(*'!&,,*++&"#' %+7'2(*+',*/%,,-'2%W'2(*' (*%,2(-',%$1.'.*)1".4*)'%+7' G*@*,10#*+2'K1%,)]'STIT' .*)&7*+2)'%441.7&+/'21'2(*&.' )%2&)?&*7'4&2&M*+)'3(1')"001.2' (220]ee3335"+51./e#&,,*++&"#/1%,)e07? e!GKRSTX*01.2RSTSTITRST8+RST.I .*)0*42&@*'&+41#*'$.%4E*2)5' 2(*&.',14%,'/1@*.+#*+25''' _RSTC,13RST.*)RSTSTITTJI_RSTC F+4*'%/%&+>'")&+/')4(11,)'%)'%' ! 507?'' ! D5N+&2*7'O%2&1+)'89:6;>'92%2&)2&4%,' $%)*'/.1"+7'21'41+2%42'?%#&,&*)' [*%.$11E]'STT^' &)'2(*'$*)2'3%-'21'%441"+2'?1.' ! (220]ee3335"+*)4%051./e0"$,&4%2&1+)e7 %,,'2(*'(1")*(1,7)5'B(*' 01;%<501%="+)/%% *2%&,5%)0h&7iIS^_' >%?@,./%ABCC%% IT5'NO';10",%2&1+'P"+7>')6-61!%(!9%2&/! 4(&,7.*+'31",7'%,.*%7-'$*' $%$*&-63%.7<==>http://www.unfpa.org/sw D4)%:)&,E)%F"(4.2E+&2%G2.-),(.+1% %22*+7&+/')4(11,>'2(*'+*W2')2*0' p/1996/index.htm'' ,762EHIE*6"./JE*5J)75% !! RUBY PATEL ' rdmng5@gwmail.gwu.edu '