Pollution Control Measures
- 2. Why we need to control pollution ?
- 3. Pollution control ● It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. ● It is the process of reducing or eliminating the release of pollutants (contaminants, usually human-made) into the environment.
- 4. Short Term ● Direct Regulation ● Subsidisation ● Economic Incentives Long Term ● Control of Population ● Development of New Technology ● Relocation of Economic Activities ● Decentralisation and Dispersal of Industrial Activities ● Restructuring Tastes and Preferences Short term & Long Term measures
- 5. Direct Regulation ● The concerned authority passes laws and regulations specifying anyone or more of the following : 1) Maximum level of pollutants that may be legally discharged. 2) The type of pollution control techniques or devices that should be empolyed. 3) Ban on certain polluting activities. ● Economic Incentives : Fees or charges are collected from the polluters equivalent to the damage caused by pollution. ● Subsidisation : The price of pollution control devices are reduced through subsidies to increase their demand.
- 6. Long Term ● Control of Population : Pollution is the by product of large scale production and consumption. ● Development of new technology : The present day industrial and transport technology are highly polluting in nature. ● Relocation of economic activities : Certain polluting activities have to be relocated in such a way that the environmental damage caused by them is reduced. ● Decentralisation and dispersal of industrial activities : The large size of the units and centralization of industries in a limited area make the pollution problem very serious. The environment will be capable of cleaning itself if the pollutants are discharged in smaller quantities.
- 7. ● Restructuring tastes and preferences : Our consumption pattern should be altered so that the production of goods that cause serious environmental problems is reduced. Central Pollution Control Board: ● The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is an autonomous body of the environment ministry set up in September 1974, under the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. It coordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and the Pollution Control Committees (PCCs).
- 8. Kerala State Pollution Control Board Headquarters : Thiruvananthapuram. Agency executive : K Sajeevan, Chairman of the Board. ● The Kerala State Pollution Control Board is a body of the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the State of Kerala, India. The board is charged with enforcing laws related to environmental protection. The Pollution Control Board has been established as a regulatory authority for implementing various pollution control laws. The board is committed to provide pollution free environment to the people of state. The Board has undertaken various studies of underground water, solid and air to take remedial steps to control pollution.
- 9. There are three main laws relating to pollution. i) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act- 1981 : According to this Act, no person can operate certain types of industries including the asbestos, cement, fertilizer and petroleum industries without consent of the State Board. The Government passed this Act in 1981 to clean up our air by controlling pollution. It states that sources of air pollution such as industry, vehicles, power plants, etc., are not permitted to release particulate matter, lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other toxic substances beyond a level.
- 10. ii) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act- 1974: Objectives of this act: To prevent and control water pollution To maintain or restore the wholesomeness of water To establish boards for the prevention and control of water pollution To confer on and assign to the boards, the power and functions relating to the above mentioned. iii) The Environment (Protection) Act-1986 : In the wake of the Bhopal Tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution. Passed in March 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986.It has 26 sections.The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environments they relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property.
- 11. Reduce, reuse, recycle ● These are known as the environmental 3Rs. ● These 3Rs also provide other benefits, such as financial savings. ● Reduce or don't use resources you don't need. ● By Reusing, we also reduce the amount of new resources that will be used. ● Recycling is good for the environment, but not as good as the first two choices. Recycling takes energy.
- 12. Air Pollution Control Equipment ● Scrubbers ● Cyclones ● Bag Filters ● Air Ventilation
- 13. ●Scrubbers "Scrubber" is a pollution control devices that use liquid to wash unwanted pollutants from a gas stream. Scrubbers are one of the primary devices that control gaseous emissions, especially acid gases, fumes.
- 14. Cyclones & Multicyclones ● The cyclone is a widely used type of particulate collection device in which dust-laden gas enters tangentially into a cylindrical or conical chamber and leaves through a central opening.
- 15. Bag Filters ● Bag filter is used for collection of dry free flowing dust; typically dust from the dust-laden air that enters by suction or positive pressure into the hopper. When this air travels across the filter media, the dust is retained on the filter element and the clean air passes through.
- 16. Bag Filters ● Bag filter is used for collection of dry free flowing dust; typically dust from the dust-laden air that enters by suction or positive pressure into the hopper. When this air travels across the filter media, the dust is retained on the filter element and the clean air passes through.
- 17. Air Ventilation ● It works by utilizing wind power induced by centrifugal action. The centrifugal force caused by rotating vanes creates low pressure which draws air out through rotating body. Amount of air drawn by ventilator is continuously replaced by fresh air from outside.
- 18. Prevention of Water Pollution Sewage treatments: The household water should be treated properly so that they become environmentally safe. Adequate care should be taken to ensure that effective sewage treatment process is in place and that contaminated water does not get mixed with the environment. Treatment of wastes before discharge: Factories are expected to treat its effluent wastes prior to discharge. Toxic material must be treated chemically and converted into harmless materials. If possible, factories should try to recycle the treated water. Treatment plants: Big cities and towns usually have effluent treatment plants. These plants filter out undissolved materials. Chemical treatment is also given to separate out unwanted dissolved chemicals. The treated water is either allowed to go into the water reservoirs or refused in houses.
- 19. Soil pollution control measures ● Proper dumping of unwanted materials ● Production of natural fertilizers ● Ban on Toxic chemicals ● Recycling and Reuse of wastes ● Proper dumping of unwanted materials: Excess wastes by man and animals pose a disposal problem. Open dumping is the most commonly practiced technique. Nowadays, controlled tipping is followed for solid waste disposal. The surface so obtained is used for housing or sports field.
- 20. ● Production of natural fertilizers: Bio-pesticides should be used in place of toxic chemical pesticides. Organic fertilizers should be used in place of synthesized chemical fertilizers. Ex: Organic wastes in animal dung may be used to prepare compost manure instead of throwing them wastefully and polluting the soil. ● Recycling and Reuse of wastes: To minimize soil pollution, the wastes such as paper, plastics, metals, glasses, organics, petroleum products and industrial effluents etc should be recycled and reused. ● Ban on Toxic chemicals: Ban should be imposed on chemicals and pesticides like DDT, BHC, etc which are fatal to plants and animals. Nuclear explosions and improper disposal of radioactive wastes should be banned.
- 21. The need of pollution control can be ascertained from the following reasons: 1. Reduction in health hazards : Environmental pollution causes many health hazards which affect human beings adversely. Therefore, to protect the human beings from these health hazards, it is necessary to control environmental pollution. 2. Reduction in safety hazards : Environmental pollution causes several types of safety hazards, more particularly in the winter season, resulting in air, rail and road traffic problems. Air pollution mostly causes this problem.
- 22. The need of pollution control can be ascertained from the following reasons: 1. Reduction in health hazards : Environmental pollution causes many health hazards which affect human beings adversely. Therefore, to protect the human beings from these health hazards, it is necessary to control environmental pollution. 2. Improved public image : Generally, organisations which undertake suitable measures for controlling pollution are perceived positively by the society. This improves the image of the organisation before the public which itself is a significant achievement for the organisation.
- 23. 3. Reduced risk of liability : Organisations which cause environmental pollution by releasing hazardous gases chemicals and solid wastes are held responsible for this. Such an act attracts penal provisions too. Therefore, it is beneficial for such organisations to control pollution in order to avoid their liability which may arise because of polluting the environment. 4. Reduction in economic losses : Pollution control leads to reduction in economic losses for both the organisation and society. Organisations may reduce economic losses by producing lesser toxic wastes, thereby saving the cost of disposing huge wastes. Pollution control reduces economic losses of society because pollution causes damage to vegetation, land fertility, health, etc. 5. Aesthetic look: Environmental pollution damages the natural environment thereby reducing the quality of look of natural resources and man made aesthetic elements like lakes, monuments, etc. By controlling environmental pollution, aesthetic look can be maintained which provides a sense of beauty.