Positivism & Constructivism
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This document discusses and compares the epistemological perspectives of positivism and constructivism, and their implications for instructional design and practices. Positivism views knowledge as objective facts that exist independently of the learner, while constructivism sees knowledge as socially constructed by the learner based on their experiences. The document provides examples of how instructional design frameworks and processes may differ depending on whether they take a positivist or constructivist approach.
Positivism & Constructivism
- 1. Connie and Mary Ann EDIT 451:CSULAPositivism & ConstructivismEpistemology and the Design of Learning Environments 1
- 2. 2Conceptual Map of Ideas in Chapter 6
- 3. 3Questions posed and future approaches
- 4. POSITIVISMA philosophical and epistemological approach which holds that knowledge is acquired through actual experiencehttp://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism4
- 7. Weber
- 8. Rationalism
- 9. Durkheim
- 10. Science
- 11. Logical
- 12. Sensory
- 13. Concrete
- 14. Social Research
- 15. Sociology
- 16. Simmel
- 17. Logic
- 18. Analytical
- 19. Skinner
- 20. Facts
- 21. Testable
- 22. Behaviorism
- 24. AUGUSTE COMTEFrench philosopher who founded sociology and positivismhttp://www.d.umn.edu/~jhamlin1/comte.htmlhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130750/Auguste-Comtehttp://membres.multimania.fr/clotilde/etexts/index.htm6
- 25. Positivism & Design FrameworkKnowledgeexists independent of the learner. There is an absolute truth.Design frameworks are based on objectivism. Knowledge is transferred from outside to inside the learner. Conditions are arranged to promote goals. Knowledge is engineered externally. 7
- 26. Positivism & Design PracticesKnowledgeexists independent of the learner. There is an absolute truth.ClassroomDirectedTeacher-centeredGoal predeterminedObjectives definedActivities, materials, assessment teacher drivenProducts given to teacher for assessment.8
- 28. Objectivist Design & Analysis10
- 30. Objectivist Development, Implementation & Evaluation12
- 31. Technologizing School SystemsRobotics in Medical and Dental Instruction, JapanGo to the next slide to watch Simroid13Current Trends: Positivism in IDT
- 32. eLearning (positivist approach)http://www.webbasedtraining.com/home.aspxGo to the next slide to watch the video14Current Trends: Positivism in IDT
- 33. Jonassen, D.H. et al. (1997). “ Certainty, Determinism, and Predictability in Theories of Instructional Design: Lessons from Science”. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, VOL 37; NUMBER 1, pages 27-33 ( found on ERIC)http://www.ifets.info/journals/3_2/morrison_book_review.htmlhttp://www.stanford.edu/dept/SUSE/SEAL/Reports_Papers/methods_papers/On%20the%20Science%20of%20Ed%20Design%20Studies_ER.pdfBooks available at http://www.amazon.com15Further reading: Positivism & Instructional Design Application
- 34. CONSTRUCTIVISMA philosophical and epistemological approach which holds that reality is not directly knowable, and can only be inferred or assigned by convention or consensushttp://tip.psychology.org/bruner.htmlhttp://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/constructivism.html.16
- 36. Construction
- 38. Interpretation
- 39. Representation
- 40. Piaget
- 41. Vico
- 42. Constructionism
- 43. Social Learning
- 44. Thought
- 45. Language
- 46. Culture
- 47. Race
- 48. Gender
- 49. ZPD
- 50. Schema
- 51. Prior knowledge
- 52. Collaboration
- 53. Dewey
- 54. Progressive
- 55. Scaffolding
- 57. LEV VYGOTSKYBelarusian psychologist who wrote extensively on developmental psychology, child development and educationhttp://tip.psychology.org/vygotsky.htmlhttp://www.kolar.org/vygotsky/.18
- 58. Constructivism & Design FrameworkKnowledge is constructed by the learner. Truth is contextual.Design frameworks are based on constructivism/relativism. Guide the learner in constructing knowledge. Provide a rich context for negotiation and meaning construction. Knowledge constructed internally. 19
- 59. Constructivism & Design PracticesKnowledge is constructed by the learner. Truth is contextual. EnvironmentLearner-centeredTeacher facilitating; learner controllingLearning goals negotiatedLearning problems and contexts authenticActivities, materials, assessment context driven and individually constructedArtifacts shared and reflected on, collectively and individually. 20
- 61. 22Constructivist Design & Analysis
- 63. Constructivist Development, Implementation & Evaluation24
- 64. 25Current Trends in IDT: Constructivism in ActioneLearning (constructivist approach)University of LeicesterGo to the next slide to watch the video
- 65. Twitter & World SimulationKansas State UniversityVisit Michael Wesch’s Digital Ethnography sitehttp://mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg/Go to the next slide to watch the video26Current Trends in IDT: Constructivism in Action
- 66. Virtual Worlds: Second LifeCalifornia State University, Los Angeles27Current Trends in IDT: Constructivism in Action
- 67. http://gionas.webfactional.com/web/portfolio/pdf/Design_Research.pdfhttp://www.ifets.info/journals/3_2/tam.htmlhttp://www.dirkdavis.net/cbu/edu524/resources/Problem%20based%20learning%20An%20instructional%20model%20and%20its%20constructivist%20framework.pdfhttp://doc.utwente.nl/26780/1/00650010.pdfBooks on http://www.amazon.com28Further reading: Constructivism & Constructional Design Practices
- 68. How do you think our EDIT classes are in terms of epistemological perspectives, instructional design and design practices? What kind of educational technologist or instructional designer will you be?Thank you for going through our slides29Questions