Power Electronics Introducion and Basics

POWER ELECTRONICS
Subject Code: PCT-803
Dr. Ramachandra A C
Professor & Head,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064,
Karnataka, India.
Lecture-01

26/03/2025 AIRFORCE TECHNICAL COLLEGE, BENGALURU 2
TEXTBOOKS

SYLLABUS

TRAINING OBJECTIVE
Introduce students to the
• Power Electronic Components.
• Its development towards power handling Capacity.
• Power Electronics applications

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After the class, the cadets would have learned about the
• Basics of Power Electronics Concepts
• Working operation of power electronics devices and
working of high power rating power devices.
• Application of power devices.

COVERAGE
Module 803-1.1 : Overview of Power Electronics
• Introduction to Electronic Devices
• Construction and working
• V-I Characteristics.
• Construction of power devices.
• Application of Power devices

PREVIOUS LESSON TIE UP
Communication Basics

QUOTE
“Continuous learning is the minimum requirement for
success in any field”
— Brian Tracy

Introduction to Power Electronics
• Power electronics is to convert, i.e to process and control the flow
of electric power by supplying voltage s and currents in a form that
is optimally suited for user loads.
• fewer damages
Fig. 1: Basic Block Diagram
Power Processor
Controller
Load
measurement
reference
POWER
INPUT
POWER
OUTPUT
vi , ii vo , io
Source

Introduction to Power Electronics
(Contin…)
Power Electronics (PE) Systems:
To convert electrical energy from one form to another, i.e. from the
source to load with:
• Highest efficiency
• Highest availability
• Highest reliability
• Lowest cost
• Smallest size
• Least weight

Interdisciplinary Nature of Power
Electronics

Construction and working
Structure and Its Symbol of Power Diodes
• The construction of this diode
includes three layers like the P+
layer, n– layer and n+ layer.
• Here the top layer is the P+ layer, it is
heavily doped.
• The middle layer is n– layer, it is
lightly doped and the last layer is n+
layer, and it is heavily doped.
Fig. 2: Diode Structure and symbol

Construction and working(Contd…)
• Here p+ layer acts as an
anode, the thickness of
this layer is 10 μm &
the level of doping is
1019
cm-3
.
• The n+ layer acts as a
cathode, the thickness
of this layer is 250-300
μm & the level of
doping is 1019
cm-3
.

26/03/2025 AIRFORCE TECHNICAL COLLEGE, BENGALURU
Construction and working(Contd…)
14
Working Principle of Power Diode
• Forward characteristic: The diode conducts when voltage of the
anode terminal is high than the voltage of the cathode terminal.
• The range of forwarding voltage drop is approximately 0.5V –
1.2V.
• Reverse characteristic: If the voltage of the cathode is high than
the voltage of anode, the diode performs as blocking mode.

V-I Characteristics of Power Diode and
Ideal Diode

AC to DC Conversion using Power Diode
Half-Wave Rectifier:

AC to DC Conversion using Power Diode
Full-Wave Rectifier:

Power Transistors
FOUR TYPES
• Bipolar junction Transistor(BJT)
• Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistor
(MOSFET)
• Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistors(IGBT)
• Static Induction Transistor (SIT)

Power Transistors (Contd…)
Power BJT
• Three layer ,Two Junction npn or pnp type.
• Bipolar means current flow in the device is due to the movement
of BOTH holes and Electrons.

V-I Characteristics of Power BJT
Power BJT
• For increased value of IB = 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5.
• Where IB0 is the minimum value and IB6 is the maximum value.
• Whenever there is no current flow, it means the transistor is off.
• But few current flows which are ICEO.

V-I Characteristics of Power BJT (Contd…)
Power BJT
• When VCE increases ICE also increases slightly. Where IC = ßIB, hence the
device is known as a current control device. Which means the device is in active
region, which exists for a particular period.
• Once the IC has reached to maximum the transistor switches to the saturation
region.

Power Electronics Converter

Applications of Power Electronics
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS:
Heating Systems Ventilating, Air Conditioners, Central Refrigeration,
Lighting, Computers and Office equipment's, Uninterruptible Power Supplies
(UPS), Elevators, and Emergency Lamps.
DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS
Cooking equipment's, Lighting, Heating, Air Conditioners, Refrigerators &
Freezers, Personal Computers, Entertainment equipment's, UPS.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Pumps, compressors, blowers and fans. Machine tools, arc furnaces,
induction furnaces, lighting control circuits, industrial lasers, induction heating,
welding equipment's.

(Contd…)

(Contd…)
TRANSPORTATION
Traction control of electric vehicles, battery chargers for electric vehicles, electric
locomotives, street cars, trolley buses, automobile electronics including engine
controls.
UTILITY SYSTEMS
High voltage DC transmission (HVDC), static VAR compensation (SVC), Alternative
energy sources (wind, photovoltaic), fuel cells, energy storage systems, induced draft
fans and boiler feed water pumps.

(Contd…)
AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
Space shuttle power supply systems, satellite power systems, aircraft power
systems.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Battery chargers, power supplies (DC and UPS), mobile cell phone battery
chargers.

Questions by the class???

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
1) List the Basic Electronic Devices along with their V-I
characteristics

THANK YOU

Power Electronics Introducion and Basics

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