Power System Operation and Control- Module 1
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The document outlines the course profile for EE8702: Power System Operation and Control, designed for fourth-year engineering students, focusing on the operation, control, and economic scheduling of power systems. Key learning objectives include understanding power system components, economic dispatch, load frequency control, and reactive power management. The syllabus covers essential topics such as load forecasting, voltage regulation, and the management of generators in parallel to ensure reliable power supply.
Power System Operation and Control- Module 1
- 1. ANNAI VAILANKANNI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING P M ANSHO Assistant Professor Dept of EEE
- 2. COURSE PROFILE Course Code/Name : EE8702/POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL Course conducting Year : IV Year (7th Semester) Course Instructor : Mr. P M ANSHO Regulation : 2017 EE8702-PSOC
- 3. LEARNING OBJECTIVE • To understand the operation and control of power systems • To have well thorough knowledge on economic operation of power systems, scheduling of hydro-thermal power plants. • To model the power system components like turbine, Governor and excitation systems • To apply shunt and series compensation of transmission lines in real world electrical applications • To design the single area and two area thermal power system. • To solve economic dispatch, unit commitment, load frequency control and automatic voltage generation using conventional method • To understand the significance of reactive power control in power systems to maintain quality of power • To design appropriate control scheme to compensate reactive power EE8702-PSOC
- 4. COURSE OBJECTIVE To impart knowledge on the following topics; Significance of power system operation and control. Real power-frequency interaction and design of power-frequency controller. Reactive power-voltage interaction and the control actions to be implemented for maintaining the voltage profile against varying system load. Economic operation of power system. SCADA and its application for real time operation and control of power systems EE8702-PSOC
- 5. SYLLABUS Module 1: PRELIMINARIES ON POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL Power scenario in Indian grid-National and Regional load dispatching centers-Requirements of good power system-Necessity of voltage and frequency regulation-Real power vs frequency and reactive power vs voltage control loops-System load variation, load curves and basic concepts of load dispatching-Load forecasting-Basics of speed governing mechanisms and modeling-Speed load characteristics-Regulation of two generators in parallel. EE8702-PSOC
- 6. Power scenario in Indian grid EE8702-PSOC
- 7. Growth of Electricity Consumption in India(as on 31/03/2019) EE8702-PSOC
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- 11. National Load Dispatch Centre Northern Regional Load Dispatch Centre Eastern Regional Load Dispatch Centre Southern Regional Load Dispatch Centre Western Regional Load Dispatch Centre North-Eastern Regional Load Dispatch Centre National and Regional load dispatching centers EE8702-PSOC
- 12. Requirements of good power system • The continuity in the power supply must be ensured. • The specified consumer voltage must not vary more than the prescribed limits. • The efficiency of the lines must be as high as possible. • The system should be safe from consumer point of view. • The lines should not be overloaded. EE8702-PSOC
- 13. Need for Voltage & Frequency Regulation • Good quality of power supply • Voltage variation 5% Voltage Regulation: Transmission and distribution lines needs voltage control Below voltage-Reduces light output & above voltage- reduces life for lamps Below voltage- draws high current for motors Performance suffers and life expectancy drops Below certain limit- instability, Above – overheating for Generator Service voltages - +/- 5% EE8702-PSOC
- 14. Frequency Regulation Helps in maintaining system frequency Speed within limit under fluctuating load Governor & Integral controller Drop in frequency-High magnetizing current Better operation , if frequency error is in limit Speed of AC motor-Frequency EE8702-PSOC
- 15. System Load Variation System Load • Domestic • Commercial • Industrial • Agriculture • Others - street lights, traction. System load characteristics • Connected load • Maximum demand • Demand factor • Average load • Load factor • Diversity factor • Plant capacity factor • Plant use factor The variation of load on power station with respect to time. EE8702-PSOC
- 16. Load frequency & Dispatch control Load frequency • Sense the bus bar frequency & power frequency • Difference fed to the integrator & to speed changer • Tie line frequency maintained constant Economic dispatch control • When load distribution between a number of generator units considered • optimum schedule affected when increase at one replaces a decreases at other. • Optimum use of generators at each station at various load is known as economic dispatch control. EE8702-PSOC
- 17. System voltage control Static VAR compensator Synchronous condenser Tap changing transformer Switches Capacitor Reactor EE8702-PSOC
- 18. Governor Frequency control Automatic voltage control Speed Governing Mechanism • Speed Governor • Governor Controlled Valves • Speed Control Mechanism • Speed Changer EE8702-PSOC
- 19. Regulation of two generators in parallel • Generator sets are operated in parallel • To improve fuel economy and reliability of the power supply. • Economy is improved with multiple paralleled generators by selecting only sufficient generators • To carry the load demand at any given time. • By operating each generator near its full capacity, fuel is utilized efficiently. • Power system reliability is improved. • Protective systems can be designed to detect a faulty element. • Multiple generator installation has become common in applications for standby and prime power, portable and stationary power, commercial and military power. • Operating generators in parallel required attention to the two control systems • It is limited to the control of the voltage regulator. EE8702-PSOC
- 20. Load Forecasting • For proper planning of power system • For proper planning of transmission and distribution facilities • For proper power system operation • For proper financing • For proper manpower development • For proper grid formation • For proper electrical sales. EE8702-PSOC
- 21. Classification of Load Forecasting 1. Demand forecast To determine the capacity of the generation, transmission, and distribution system additions. 2. Energy forecast. To determine the type of facilities required,i.e., future fuel requirements EE8702-PSOC
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- 23. UNIT COMMITMENT • Unit commitment (UC) is a popular problem in electric power system that aims at minimizing the total cost of power generation in a specific period, by defining an adequate scheduling of the generating units. The UC solution must respect many operational constraints. • Unit commitment (UC) is an optimization problem used to determine the operation schedule of the generating units at every hour interval with varying loads under different constraints and environments EE8702-PSOC
- 24. Constraints In Unit Commitment • Spinning Reserve • Thermal Unit Constraints Minimum up time Minimum down time • Other Constraints Hydro constraints Most run Fuel constaint EE8702-PSOC
- 25. Load Scheduling(Load Dispatching) Loading of units are allocated to serve the objective of minimum fuel cost. i) Thermal Scheduling: • Loading of steam units • Objective of minimum fuel cost ii) Hydrothermal Scheduling: • Loading of hydro and thermal units • Scheduling of hydro units are complex EE8702-PSOC
- 26. Types of Hydro Scheduling: i) Long range hydro Scheduling • Involves from 1 week to 1 year or several years. • Optimization of statistical variables ii) Short range Hydro Scheduling • Involves from 1 day to 1 week or hour by hour scheduling. • Optimization of statistical variables EE8702-PSOC