Savers deposit money into various financial institutions like banks, credit unions, and pension funds. These institutions then make loans to businesses and individuals, promoting investment and economic growth. There are several types of risk associated with different investments, such as credit risk of default, liquidity risk of not being able to access funds quickly, and inflation risk of loss of value over time. The stock market can be measured in terms of bull and bear markets, as well as stock market indices like the Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500 which track groups of companies.