PPE.pdf for knowledge availing about it and its importance
- 1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Environmental Health & Safety 1
- 2. Objectives • Know when PPE is necessary • Know what PPE is necessary • Know how to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE • Know the limitations of PPE • Know the useful lifespan of PPE • Know how to properly care, maintain, and dispose of PPE This training covers the general objectives listed above. Supervisors are responsible for additional in-person training as needed to ensure that their employees understand the PPE requirements specific to their position. 2
- 3. What is PPE? • PPE is a type of control method that reduces employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective in reducing these exposures to acceptable levels • i.e. goggles, aprons, gloves, respirators, ear plugs • If PPE is used, a PPE program should be implemented that explains: • The hazards present • The selection, maintenance, and use of PPE • The training of employees • Monitoring of the PPE program 3
- 4. Hierarchy of Controls • PPE should be the last line of defense against hazards in the work place • Behind engineering controls and administrative controls. • Engineering Controls • Eliminate or reduce exposure to a hazard through the use of substitution of engineered machinery or equipment • Administrative Controls • Changes in work procedures with the goal or reducing duration, frequency, and severity of the hazard 4
- 5. When is PPE Necessary? • Your employer is responsible for conducting a “hazard assessment” of the workplace and all tasks involved to identify all hazards that exist in the workplace • Your employer will then determine what PPE is necessary for either entry into the facility or for a designed task within the facility to ensure employee safety 5
- 6. Employer Responsibilities • Perform a hazard assessment • Train employees on the proper use of PPE • Retrain when and if necessary • Document and recordkeeping of all training sessions 6
- 7. Employee Responsibilities • Wear the designated PPE • Always inspect PPE for damage before each use • Inform your supervisor when PPE is defective, damaged, or doesn’t fit • Store and care for PPE properly 7
- 8. Selecting Your PPE • When choosing your PPE, you should keep the following in mind: • Make sure the PPE fits correctly • Not too big or too small • Make sure the PPE is comfortable to wear • You may not use your own custom PPE unless it has been approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and your supervisor 8
- 9. Eye and face protection 9
- 10. Eye and Face Protection Hazards • Eye and face protection items are intended to protect the employee from a number of hazards determined from the hazard assessment. These hazards include: • Impact – flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt • Heat - anything emitting extreme heat • Chemicals – splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists • Dust – harmful dust • Optical Radiation – radiant energy, glare, and intense light 10
- 11. Safety Spectacles • Safety spectacles are intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from impact hazards • You are required to use safety spectacles with side shields when there is a hazard from flying objects. • Non-side shield safety spectacles are not acceptable eye protection for impact hazards 11
- 12. Safety Spectacles Lenses and Frames Lenses • Plano Lenses • Should be used by workers who do not require vision correction • May be flat or curved • Are available in clear, filtered, or tinted lenses • May include removable lenses • Prescription Lenses • Should be used by workers who require vision correction • May be clear, filtered, or tinted • May include removable lenses Frames • Spatula temples • Fit over the ear • Can be either fixed or adjustable • Are available in plastic or metal • Cable temples • Fit around the ear • Can be either fixed or adjustable • Are available in plastic or metal • Headband temples • Are easily adjustable for a secure fit • Are useful for tasks requiring movement 12
- 13. Safety Spectacle Side Shields • Side shields provide angular protection from impact hazards in addition to frontal protection • Flatfold or semi side shields: • May be part of or attached to the temple • Are permanent or removable • Are solid or ventilated • Are tinted or clear • Full (cup) side shields may be: • Removable • Wire screen • Tinted or clear 13
- 14. Safety Goggles • Safety goggles are intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from impact hazards • They fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes and form a protective seal around the eyes • Are available in clear lenses • Are available with removable lenses • May incorporate prescription lenses • Do not provide special protection against optical radiation 14
- 15. Safety Goggles Frames and Ventilation Frames • Eyecup goggles • Cover the eye sockets completely • Are available with direct or indirect ventilation • May be rigid or flexible • Cover goggles • May be worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles • Are available in direct, indirect, and non- ventilated types • May be rigid or flexible Ventilation • Direct ventilation • Resist direct passage of large particles into the goggle • Prevent fogging by allowing air circulation • Indirect ventilation • Prevent fogging by allowing air circulation • Protect against liquid or chemical splash entry • Non-ventilated • Do not allow the passage of air into the goggle • Prevent splash entry • May fog and require frequent lens cleaning 15
- 16. Face Shields • Face shields are intended to protect the entire face or portions of it from impact hazards • Must use in combination with safety goggles or spectacles • When worn alone, face shields DO NOT protect employees from impact hazards (flying objects) 16
- 17. Face Shield Windows • Face shield windows extend from the brow to below the chin and across the entire width of the face • They are available in both removable and lift-front designs • Removable windows allow the replacement of damaged windows • Plastic windows • Protect against light impact • May include a glass insert • Are available clear or filtered • Wire-screen windows • May include a plastic/glass insert • Protect against moderate impact • Are not recommended for use involving chemical hazards 17
- 18. Face Shield Headgear • Headgear supports the window shield and secures the device to the head • Adjustable headgear includes straps that allow the user to manipulate the size of the headgear to ensure a proper fit • Hard hats with face shields may have a window shield mounted under the visor of the hat 18
- 19. Limitations • Safety spectacles are used mainly to protect the eyes from injury from flying objects • Safety goggles are used to protect the eyes from impact and chemical hazards. Non-ventilated goggles may require frequent lens cleaning due to fogging • Face shields are secondary protectors only and must be worn with safety spectacles or goggles 19
- 20. How to Don and Doff Eye & Face Protection Don (Put On) • Position goggles over eyes and secure to head using the ear pieces or headband • Position face shield over face and secure to brow with headband • Adjust to fit comfortable Doff (Take off) • Grasp ear or head pieces • Lift away from face 20
- 22. Hand Protection • Hand protection PPE is used to prevent potential injuries from hazards such as: • skin absorption of hazardous substances • chemical or thermal burns • electrical hazards • bruises, abrasions, and cuts • punctures, fractures, and amputations • Some examples of hand protection items • Gloves • Finger guards • Arm coverings 22
- 23. Selection of Protective Gloves • There are many different type of protective gloves to choose from • Different factors will determine which type of glove you will need to use • Always use a type of glove specifically designed for the hazard • Factors to keep in mind: • Types of chemicals handled • Nature of contact • Duration of contact • Grip requirements • Thermal protection • Abrasion/resistance requirements • Size and comfort 23
- 24. Leather, Canvas, or Metal Mesh Gloves • Leather Gloves • Protect against sparks, moderate heat, blows, chips, and rough objects • Aluminized Gloves • Provide reflective and insulating protection against heat and require an insert made of synthetic materials to protect against heat & cold • Aramid Fiber Gloves • Protect against heat & cold, are cut and abrasive-resistant and wear well • Synthetic Gloves • Offer protection against heat & cold, are cut and abrasive resistant, and may withstand some diluted acids. These materials do not stand up against alkalis and solvents. 24
- 25. Fabric & Coated Fabric Gloves • Fabric Gloves • Protect against dirt, slivers, chafing, and abrasions. They do not provide sufficient protection for use with rough, sharp, or heavy materials. • Coated Fabric Gloves • Normally made from cotton flannel with napping on one side. By coating the unnapped side with plastic, fabric gloves are transformed into general- purpose hand protection offering slip-resistant qualities. 25
- 26. Chemical and Liquid Resistant Gloves • Chemical-resistant gloves can be made of a number of synthetic rubbers or various kinds of plastic • Typically the thicker the material of the glove is, the greater the chemical resistance • However, a thicker glove may decrease grip and dexterity for the user • You should always choose a type of glove that protects against the chemical you will be handling • Refer to a glove selection chart or a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of the chemical you will be handling 26
- 27. Types of Chemical-Resistant Gloves • Butyl Gloves – are made of a synthetic rubber and protect against a wide variety of chemicals • Work well with: peroxides, corrosive acids, strong bases, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and nitro compounds • Work poorly with: aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated solvents 27
- 28. Types of Chemical-Resistant Gloves • Natural (latex) Rubber Gloves – one of the most popular gloves used thanks to their comfort, tensile strength, elasticity, and temperature resistance • Work well with: water solutions of acids, alkalis, salts, and ketones • Some people may be allergic to the latex found in these gloves and may need to find hypoallergenic gloves 28
- 29. Types of Chemical-Resistant Gloves • Neoprene Gloves – made of a synthetic rubber that has a greater chemical and wear resistance that natural rubber • Work well with: hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alcohols, organic acids, and alkalis 29
- 30. Types of Chemical-Resistant Gloves • Nitrile Gloves – made of a copolymer that can stand up to heavy use even after prolonged exposure to substances that cause other gloves to deteriorate • Work well with: oils, greases, acids, caustics, and alcohols • Work poorly with: strong oxidizing agents, aromatic solvents, ketones, and acetates 30
- 32. How to Don and Doff Hand Protection Don (Put On) • Open glove at the cuff and extend opposite hand into glove • Once the hand is properly aligned in the glove, move fingers down into the glove’s fingers • Roll the cuff of the glove down the wrist until the glove is secure Doff (Take off) • Pull the glove from above the cuff upwards on the hand inside out to trap potential contaminants inside the used glove • Place the used glove into the palm of the opposite hand (which remains gloved) • Repeat on opposite hand 32
- 33. How to Don and Doff Hand Protection 33
- 34. Limitations • Gloves should be visually inspected before each use • Look for punctures, cuts, discolor, and stiffness of the material • Any gloves that have damage should be immediately discarded and replaced • Reusing chemical-resistant gloves should be very carefully evaluated 34
- 35. Safe and Healthy Buckeyes 35