Ppt 3 - IOT logic design
- 1. 1 Logical design of IoT Session by C.UDHAYAKUMAR, AP/ECE U19EC604 INTRODUCTION TO IOT
- 2. 2 Agenda of the session 2 • Previous class content • Physical design of IoT • Logical design of IoT
- 3. 3 Physical Design of IoT 3 • Physical Design of IoT refers to IoT Devices and IoT Protocols. • Things are Node device which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. • Communication established between things and cloud based server over the Internet by various IoT protocols. Basically Things refers to IoT Devices which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. Things are is main part of IoT Application. IoT Devices can be various type, Sensing Devices, Smart Watches, Smart Electronics appliances, Wearable Sensors, Automobiles, and industrial machines. These devices generate data in some forms or the other which when processed by data analytics systems leads to useful information to guide further Things
- 4. 4 Generic Block Diagram of IoT 4 •Today many cloud servers available for especially IoT System. •These Platform known as IoT Platform.
- 5. 5 IoT Protocols 5 IoT protcols help to establish Communication between IoT Device (Node Device) and Cloud based Server over the Internet. It help to sent commands to IoT Device and received data from an IoT device over the Internet.
- 6. 6 Logical Design of IoT 6 • Logical Design of IoT refers to an abstract representation of the entities & processes without going into the low-level specifies of the implementation. IoT Functional Blocks IoT Communication Models IoT Communication APIs For understanding Logical Design of IoT, we describes given below terms.
- 7. 7 IoT Functional Blocks 7 • An IoT system comprises of a number of functional blocks that provide the system the capabilities for identification, sensing, actuation, communication and management..
- 8. 8 IoT Functional Blocks 8 • An IoT system comprises of a number of functional blocks that provide the system the capabilities for identification, sensing, actuation, communication and management.. Device: An IoT system comprises of devices that provide sensing, actuation, monitoring and control functions. Communication: Handles the communication for the IoT system. Services: services for device monitoring, device control service, data publishing services and services for device discovery. Management: this blocks provides various functions to govern the IoT system. Security: this block secures the IoT system and by providing functions such as authentication , authorization, message and content integrity, and data security. Application: This is an interface that the users can use to control and monitor various aspects of the IoT system. Application also allow users to view the system status and view or analyze the processed data. functional blocks are:
- 9. 9 IoT Communication Models 9 •Request-Response Model •Publish-Subscribe Model •Push-Pull Model •Exclusive Pair Model •When the server receives a request, it decides how to respond, fetches the data, retrieves resource representation, prepares the response, and then sends the response to the client. •HTTP works as a request-response protocol between a client and server. A web browser may be the client, and an application on a computer that hosts a web site may be the server. •Example: A client (browser) submits an HTTP request to the server; then the server returns a response to the client. The response contains status information about the request and may also contain the requested content. •Request-response is a stateless communication model and each request-response pair is independent of others. Request-Response Model
- 10. 10 IoT Communication Models 10 •Request-Response Model •Publish-Subscribe Model •Push-Pull Model •Exclusive Pair Model •Publish-Subscribe is a communication model that involves publishers, brokers and consumers. •Publishers are the source of data. •Consumers subscribe to the topics which are managed by the broker. •When the broker receive data for a topic from the publisher, it sends the data to all the subscribed consumers. •Publishers send the data to the topics which are managed by the broker. •Publishers are not aware of the consumers. Publish-Subscribe Model
- 11. 11 IoT Communication Models 11 •Request-Response Model •Publish-Subscribe Model •Push-Pull Model •Exclusive Pair Model •Push-Pull is a communication model in which the data producers push the data to queues and the consumers Pull the data from the Queues. •Queues also act as a buffer which helps in situations when there is a mismatch between the rate at which the producers push data and the rate at which the consumer pull data. •Producers do not need to be aware of the consumers. •Queues help in decoupling the messaging between the Producers and Consumers.. Push-Pull Model
- 12. 12 IoT Communication Models 12 •Request-Response Model •Publish-Subscribe Model •Push-Pull Model •Exclusive Pair Model •Exclusive Pair is a bidirectional, fully duplex communication model that uses a persistent connection between the client and server. •Client and server can send messages to each other after connection setup. •Exclusive pair is stateful communication model and the server is aware of all the open connections. •Connection is setup it remains open until the client sends a request to close the connection. Exclusive Pair Model
- 13. 13 IoT Communication APIs 13 •REST-based Communication APIs •WebSocket-based Communication APIs •REST-based Communication APIs •Representational state transfer (REST) is a set of architectural principles by which you can design Web services the Web APIs that focus on systems’s resources and how resource states are addressed and transferred. •REST APIs that follow the request response communication model, the rest architectural constraint apply to the components, connector and data elements, within a distributed hypermedia system. •A RESTful web service is a ” Web API ” implemented using HTTP and REST principles. •REST is most popular IoT Communication APIs.
- 14. 14 IoT Communication APIs 14 •REST-based Communication APIs •WebSocket-based Communication APIs •REST-based Communication APIs The rest architectural constraint are as follows: •Client-server •Stateless •Cache-able •Layered system •Uniform interface •Code on demand
- 15. 15 Stateless 15 Cache-able REST-based Communication APIs Client-server •The principle behind the client-server constraint is the separation of concerns. •Clients should not be concerned with the storage of data which is concern of the server. •Similarly the server should not be concerned about the user interface, which is concern of the client. •Separation allows client and server to be independently developed and updated. • Each request from client to server must contain all the information necessary to understand the request, and cannot take advantage of any stored context on the server. •The session state is kept entirely on the client. •Cache constraints requires that the data within a response to a request be implicitly or explicitly leveled as cache-able or non cache-able. •If a response is cache-able, then a client cache is given the right to reuse that response data for later, equivalent requests. caching can partially or completely eliminate some instructions and improve efficiency and scalability.
- 16. 16 Uniform interface 16 Code on demand REST-based Communication APIs Layered system •constrains the behavior of components such that each component cannot see beyond the immediate layer with they are interacting. •For example, the client cannot tell whether it is connected directly to the end server or two an intermediaryalong the way. •System scalability can be improved by allowing intermediaries to respond to requests instead of the end server, without the client having to do anything different • constraints requires that the method of communication between client and server must be uniform. Resources are identified in the requests (by URIsin web based systems) and are themselves is separate from the representations of the resources data returned to the client. •When a client holds a representation of resources it has all the information required to update or delete the resource you (provided the client has required permissions). •Each message includes enough information to describe how to process the message •Servers can provide executable code or scripts for clients to execute in their context. this constraint is the only one that is optional..
- 17. 17 IoT Communication APIs 17 WebSocket-based Communication APIs
- 18. 18 IoT Communication APIs 18 WebSocket-based Communication APIs •Websocket APIs allow bi-directional, full duplex communication between clients and servers. •Websocket APIs follow the exclusive pair communication model. •Unlike request-response model such as REST, the WebSocket APIs allow full duplex communication and do not require new connection to be setup for each message to be sent. •Websocket communication begins with a connection setup request sent by the client to the server. •The request (called websocket handshake) is sent over HTTP and the server interprets it is an upgrade request. •If the server supports websocket protocol, the server responds to the websocket handshake response.
- 19. 19 IoT Communication APIs 19 WebSocket-based Communication APIs •After the connection setup client and server can send data/mesages to each other in full duplex mode. •Websocket API reduce the network traffic and latency as there is no overhead for connection setup and termination requests for each message. •Websocket suitable for IoT applications that have low latency or high throughput requirements. •So Web socket is most suitable IoT Communication APIs for IoT System.
- 20. 20 Syllabus 20 MODULE I INTERNET OF THINGS AN OVERVIEW Definition and Characteristics of IoT - Physical Design of IoT - Logical design of IoT - IoT enabled Technologies: Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big data analytics, Communication protocols and Embedded Systems - IoT Levels & Deployment Templates - Domain Specific IoTs : Home, City, Environment, Energy, Retail, Logistics, Agriculture, Industry, health and Lifestyle.
- 21. 21 21 MODULE II IOT ARCHITECTURE Communication Protocols - IoT and M2M : Software Defined Networking, Network function virtualization- IoT System Management with NETCONF-YANG, SNMP, NETOPEER. MODULE III PYTHON PROGRAMMING Language features of Python - Data types - Data structures - Control of flow - Functions – Modules – Packages - File handling - Data/time operation - Classes - Exception handling - Python packages: JSON, XML, HTTPLib, URLLib, SMTPLib.
- 22. 22 22 MODULE IV IOT PHYSICAL DEVICES AND SERVERS Building blocks of an IoT device - Programming Inputs and outputs, Serial, SPI and I2C - Sensors and sensor Node and interfacing using any Embedded target boards : Raspberry Pi / Intel Galileo/ARM Cortex/ Arduino) Cloud Support : Cloud Storage models and communication APIs Webserver - Web server for IoT - Cloud for IoT - Amazon Web services for IoT MODULE V CASE STUDY AND IOT APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT Home Automation – Smart cities - Environment - Agriculture - Productivity Applications – Healthcare - Automotive/Vehicular IoT- Smart grid
- 23. 23 23 TEXTBOOKS: 1.ArshdeepBahga and Vijay Madisetti, "Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach", Universities Press, 2014. 2 .Vlasios Tsiatsis, Stamatis Karnouskos, Jan Holler, David Boyle, Catherine Mulligan, “Internet of Things: Technologies and Applications for a New Age of Intelligence”, Academic Press, 2019. REFERENCES: 1.Cuno Pfister, " Getting Started with the Internet of Things", O'Reilly Media Press, 2011 2.Jamil Y. Khan, Mehmet R. Yuce, “Internet of Things (IoT): Systems and Applications”, Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2019