PPT INTRODUCTION NDT
- 3. DESTROY 30% PIECES ORPHYSICALLY HARM PIECES SUPPOSE 100WORKPIECE 30% REQUIREMENT OF INSPECTION CHECKED BY **DESTRUCTIVETETSTING**
- 4. CHECKINGWORKPIECE WITHOUT DESTURBING ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTY. Generally checked by following process 1) Radiography testing 2) Ultrasonic testing 3) Liquid penetration testing(lpt/dpt/pt) 4) Magnetic particle testing 5) Visual testing 6) EDDY CURRENTTESTING***(NOT IN OUR NDT LEVEL -2)
- 27. USED FOR CHECKING INNER DEFECT. WE CAN SEE DEFECT BY USING FILM. CLEAR IMAGE OF INDICATION
- 28. X-rays were discovered in 1895 when Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen observed that a screen coated with a barium salt fluoresced when placed near a cathode ray tube. Roentgen concluded that a form of penetrating radiation was being emitted by the cathode ray tube and called the unknown rays, X-rays.
- 29. An x-ray tube requires a source of electrons, a means to accelerate the electrons, and a target to stop the high-speed electrons.
- 41. USED FOR INNER DEFECT DETECTION USE OF ULTRASONIC SOUND FORTESTING USE OF ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY GENERALLY BETWEEN (20KHZTO20MHZ) IN CONTACT TYPETESTING(1 MHZ TO 10 MHZ) IMMERSIONTYPE(1MHZTO 15 MHZ)
- 42. UT uses high frequency sound waves (between 0.5 to 20MHz) Used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurement, material characterization, etc. Work on the principle of sound propagation. Method is called echo ranging (device that utilize ultrasonic waves to estimate and measure the distance, depth, defects, holes, etc.)
- 43. A typical pulse-echo UT inspection system consists of several functional units, such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and a display device. A pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high voltage electrical pulses. Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ultrasonic energy. The sound energy is introduced and through the materials in the form of waves. When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path, part of the energy will be reflected back from the flaw surface. The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal by the transducer and is displayed on a screen. Knowing the velocity of the waves, travel time can be directly related to the distance that the signal traveled. From the signal, information about the reflector location, size, orientation and other features can sometimes be gained.
- 44. Piezoelectric Effect • Transducer in probe convert Electrical Energy into Mechanical or Sound Energy and vice versa, with the help of Piezoelectric material Electrical energy Sound energy Sound energy Electrical energy
- 45. Frequency/Probe Selection • Fine grain structure:- Plates, forging, flat 2.25-4.0 MHz (T<=32 mm) 1.50- 2.25 MHz (T>32mm ) • Casting 0.5-1.0MHz Probe Normal Beam Probe Single Crystal Double Crystal (TR) Angular Probe 45°, 60°, 70° TYPES OF PROBE
- 46. Contact Type Techniques Normal Beam Method •Projected Perpendicularly •T/R on same side
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