PPT-INTRODUCTION-TO-BOATING need to change for good.pdf
- 1. Safe Powerboating Fundamentals 1 All this content is found in your textbook Start Powerboating Right
- 2. Parts of the Boat 2
- 3. Parts of the Boat 3
- 4. Operator Responsibilities u On the Bay Dress for weather changes uWear layers, be prepared for changes u Check the weather, tide & currents u Check for any local hazards u Communicate to passengers before you make speed or direction changes u Assign lookouts for leaving & arriving at the dock and underway u Be considerate of others on the water and in the harbor 4
- 5. Operator Responsibilities Getting under way u Don’t exceed Max boat capacities u Life jackets u Number one rule: wear it u Complete pre-departure check list u Make sure everyone knows how to board u Have a Safety talk u Safety gear location u Fire extinguisher u Where things are u How to operate basic systems – head, galley, u Where to sit and not sit u What to do if… 5
- 6. Pre-Boarding Preparation Check weather conditions u Not just for today but for yesterday and tomorrow as it changes quickly and you will be aware of patterns u Internet u Weather.gov u Sailflow.com u VHF u wx channels – broadcast continual marine forecasts u Smartphone Apps u iBoating u Weather.gov u wunderground.com 6
- 7. Pre-Boarding Preparation Tides and currents Awareness u The currents in San Francisco Bay are generated by the tides. At several locations in the Bay, currents can be as strong as six knots. u To check current, use a phone app, tide tables and observe motion of water around a fixed object u Apps: u iBoating u Windy.com u Navionics 7
- 8. 8 It’s easy to check the direction of the tide against objects in the Bay
- 9. Pre-Boarding Check List 9 Before leaving the dock, you will complete a check out inventory and again upon returning
- 10. Safety Equipment p.83 TYPES OF PFDs u Five types of PFDs u Type I – Offshore Life jacket u 22 lbs of buoyancy for adults / 11 lbs for children u Will turn unconscious person face-up u Type II – Near-Shore Life Vest u Min. of 15.5 lbs for adults / 11 lbs for children u Will turn some unconscious people face-up u Type III – Flotation Aid u Buoyancy the same as Type II u Will not turn unconscious person face-up u Most common u Type IV – Throwable Device u Type V – Special use Devices u Inflatable vests, etc. u No inherent buoyancy u Must be worn! 10
- 11. PFD’s on-board club boats 11 Type III Type V
- 12. Safety Equipment On-Board u 6 TYPE III Life Jackets u 6 TYPE V INFLATABLE u Sound producing device u Air horn u B-1 Fire extinguisher u Approved day/night visual distress signals (handheld & aerial flares) u One Type IV throwable cushion u First Aid Kit u Wooden Plug Set u Navigation Rules Book 12
- 13. Other On-Board Equipment u Anchor + rode+chain u VHF Radio u GPS u Knife u Tool kit u Hand bilge pump u Spare line u Boat hook u Paper Chart 13
- 14. VHF Proper radio protocol u 16/9 Channel u Channels u Tag u Squelch u Volume u Scan u Dual u H/L u Lock u CH/WX u U/I/C 14
- 15. VHF Protocol and Usage u VHF channels are monitored by the USCG, Police and others u Communication is public u It is against the law to use these channels improperly u Beginning transmission u Who you are calling 3 times, who you are 2 times u Return message or “go to channel XX” u Ending transmission and a response is needed, say “Over” u Ending transmission (done): state name and say “Out” u Emergency codes: u Securite, Pan-Pan, Mayday 15
- 16. VHF Protocol and Usage Channels p. 95 u WX1- WX7: Weather u 09: Recreational hailing, bridges in the delta u 13, 67: Navigation safety u 16: Emergencies, hailing u 22A: Coast Guard Liaison, Maritime Safety u 68, 69, 71, 78A: Non-Commercial u 70: Digital Selective Calling u 72: Non-Commercial 16
- 17. VHF Protocol and Usage u How to operate (demo) u When you push the transmit button, you can not hear and others can not talk u Things to remember u Position VHF mic perpendicular to the wind or directly downwind u The Hi/Lo function ONLY affects your transmitting power – it does not increase your receiving power u The antenna is most effective held straight up and down as high as you can hold it u Wait a second after depressing the call button before speaking (it will save people a lot of frustration) u BE DISTINCT! It is not a telephone. Get to the point quickly. 17
- 18. Engine Information Parts of an outboard engine p.14 18
- 19. Engine Information Engine controls uDual-function (most common type) uSingle-function (one for throttle, one for gearshift) uJoystick 19
- 20. Engine Information Gauges & Guidelines u Hour Meter u Volt Meter – u 12 – 12.8 volts engine off u 13.6 – 14.6 volts engine on u Oil Pressure – u MINIMUM of 20 PSI u RPM – u Idle approx. 800 rpm u Temperature – u 140-160 is normal; 180+ is overheating 20
- 21. Engine Information: Proper Start-Up Procedure u Inspect all hoses and wires u Check fuel levels u Switch battery to the correct on position u Attach stop switch (kill switch) u Ensure that gear shift is in neutral u Turn key to on position to energize gear shift u Lower engines into water u Turn key to start 21
- 22. Maneuvering Concepts Uncontrollable forces affecting a boat u Wind u Windage causes bow to fall off and boat to drift sideways u Increased freeboard = increase windage effect u Windage affects your turning arc u Current u Boat will move as if on a conveyor belt u Size, shape, etc. do not matter – current effects all things equally u Waves & Wakes 22
- 23. Maneuvering Concepts u Planing hulls behave like displacement hulls at low speed u At a certain speed, the hull goes through a transition stage called semi-displacement as it climbs the face of its bow wave u Once the boat moves over the top of its bow wave, it levels off and begins to plane u Where is the most optimum fuel consumption for a planing hull? u Just as the boat has come comfortably on a plane 23
- 24. 24 Maneuvering Concepts How boats turn u Directed Thrust u Outboards, stern drives and jet drives u When a propeller is turned at an angle, its thrust is directed at an angle, which turns the boat u If propeller is not rotating, then no thrust = no steerage u Pivot Point u In forward, the pivot point is located 25% to 40% aft of the bow u Always steer the pivot point along the path you want to steer!
- 25. Knots To Know & Line Handling u Cleat hitch u Bowline u Half hitches u Clove hitch u Heaving a line u Coiling and stowing www.animatedknots.com See resources page in booking site for more sites 25
- 26. Navigation Aids Aids to Navigation Also known as ATONS Lateral Marks – system of lateral marks used to indicate on which side a mark should be passed when returning from seaward u In US waters, red marks are kept on the starboard side; green marks are kept on the port side u When an approach from seaward cannot be determined, the Conventional Direction is used, which is a clockwise rotation around the US. 26
- 27. Navigation Aids Aids to Navigation u Some tricks: u Red – Right – Returning // Green – Going – Out u Retuning from sea – clockwise direction around the US u Entering a harbor is always ‘returning from sea’ u Port = Red wine u 7-UP = green can with odd number u On the ICW, yellow triangles indicate shoreward side of channel and squares indicate the seaward side. Think triangles for mountains 27
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- 29. Aids to Navigation u Red and Green Marks u Port Lateral Marks: will be green, odd numbered cans or squares u Starboard Lateral Marks: will be red, even numbered nuns or triangles u Preferred Channel Marks: will be red and green banded and can be any of the above shapes (nuns, cans, squares or triangles), top band is preferred channel u ALL MARKS can be day-markers, buoys, lit or unlit, flashing or solid, with sound or without u Other marks include safe water marks, isolated danger marks, special purpose marks and information/regulatory marks u Your chart will indicate the type of mark you are expecting 29
- 30. Aids to Navigation Uniform State Waterway Marking System 30
- 31. Charts 31 Paper charts are on board every boat. See the Resources Page in the booking site for a tutorial how to read paper charts. You should have this knowledge even if using electronic charts.
- 32. Navigation Rules p.107 u Also known as “Rules of the Road” u Don’t confuse with ATONS u Inland Rules vs. International (International 72COLREGS) u Maintain proper lookout u Safe speed (Depends on visibility, traffic, maneuverability, hazards, conditions) u Operating in narrow channels u Vessels less than 20m (65ft) SHALL NOT impede passage of a vessel that can only operate in the channel u A vessel engaged in fishing (NOT trolling) shall not impede the passage of any other vessel u On rivers (Inland Rules): vessels proceeding downbound (w/the current) shall have right-of-way over an upbound vessel 32
- 33. Navigation Rules u Rule 2 of the Navigation Rules “Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these rules…or by the special circumstances of the case.” u Rule 7 of the Navigation Rules “Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.” 33
- 34. Navigation Rules Starboard over Port 34
- 36. Navigation Rules u Vessels underway must always keep clear of: u A vessel not under command (i.e.. Adrift or on fire) u A vessel that is restricted in its ability to maneuver (i.e.. Dredging) u A vessel engaged in fishing with nets, lines or trawls u DOES NOT include fishing with trolling lines u Remember – the stand on vessel has the right of way, the give way vessel must alter her course u A formal accident report must be submitted within 48 hours if a person dies, there are injuries requiring more than first aid or if there is more than $2000 in damage. 36
- 37. Navigation Rules Right of way rules Over Overtaken New Not under command Reels Restricted in its ability to maneuver Catch Constrained by draft Fish Fishing So Sailing Purchase Power driven vessel Some Seaplane Worms WIG 37
- 38. Practical Application When In Doubt, risk is assumed to exist! When in doubt, assume the other captain doesn’t know the rules. Take action needed to keep you and your vessel safe. “I had the right of way” is not an excuse….. 38
- 39. California Operating Regs u California law requires a person to be 16 years of age or older to legally operate a vessel powered by a motor of 15 hp or more, including personal watercraft (PWCs). u Exceptions to this law are: u Persons 12 to 15 years of age may operate a vessel powered by a motor of 15 hp or more, including PWCs, if they are supervised on board by a person at least 18 years of age. u There is no age restriction for operating a sailboat under 30 ft. long (with wind as the main source of propulsion) or a dinghy used between a moored vessel and shore or between two moored vessels. 39
- 40. Wear Life Jackets u Every child under 13 years of age must wear a lifejacket of appropriate size anytime on board a vessel of 26 feet or less while underway, unless they are in the cabin. 40
- 41. Boating Accident Form Must be submitted to DBW within: 48 Hours u Medical treatment beyond first aid u Person dies within 24 hours u Person Disappears 10 Days u Death after 24 hours u $500.00+ in damage u Complete loss of vessel 41
- 42. Marine Environment Laws 42
- 44. Rendering Assistance u Federal Regulations require that the master or person in charge of a vessel is obliged to assist others in danger unless rendering such assistance would place his/her own vessel, crew or passengers in serious danger u Fine up to $1,000.00 or imprisonment up to 2 years. 44
- 45. Person in Water (PIW) Most Fatal accidents are from falling overboard Causes: u Improper boarding (stepping on gunwale) u Sitting on bow, stern or gunwale while underway u Abrupt maneuvers starts, stops and turns u Thrown off while hitting large wake 45
- 46. PIW Procedures What to do: 1. Shout “Crew overboard” 2. Throw buoyant objects (cushions, life rings etc.) 3. Assign Spotter to keep continuous sight 4. Recover (next slide) 46
- 47. PIW Recovery u Turn towards the PIW u Approach PIW with bow to the forces, using minimum control speed, PIW on drive’rs side u Shift into neutral drift to them slowly u Make contact with paddle, boathook, or line u Turn OFF motor (Critical Fail) u Attach them with a line to the boat u Bring PIW back aboard vessel 47
- 48. Fire Onboard u Position boat so people are downwind u Everyone put on PFDs u Turn off fuel source u Extinguish using P-A-S-S u If danger is imminent then hail Coast Guard u Abandon ship 48
- 49. Running Aground u Assess injuries and boat damage u Search for any leaks u Attempt to free boat u May need to wait for tide (Kedge Anchor) u Signal for help if needed 49
- 50. This is a brief overview of important information to know. Detailed information on all topics covered can be found in your textbook, Start Powerboating Right! 50