Ppt of centrifugation
- 1. CENTRIFUGATION Submitted by SHOBHANA SAHU M.Sc. 4th semester 1
- 2. SYNOPSIS • Introduction • Definition • Components of centrifuge • Types of centrifugation • Application • Conclusion • References 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Centrifugation is a process which involves the use of the centrifugal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge, used in industry and laboratory settings. • This process is used to separate two immiscible liquids. 3
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- 5. DEFINITION • A centrifugation is a technique for separating particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. 5
- 6. CENTRIFUGE • A centrifuge is a part of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis (spin in a circle), applying a potentially strong force perpendicular to the axis of spin. 6
- 7. PRINCIPLE • In a solution, particles whose density is higher than that of the solvent sink (sediment), and particles that are lighter than it float to the top. • The greater the difference in density, the faster they move. If there is no difference in density (isopycnic conditions), the particles stay steady. • To take advantage of even tiny differences in density to separate various particles in a solution, gravity can be replaced with the much more powerful “centrifugal force” provided by a centrifuge. 7
- 8. COMPONENTS OF CENTRIFUGE • Motor- which give rotator motion. • Drive shaft- attached to motor. • Rotor- placed on drive shaft having space to place tubes. • Centrifuge rotor: a rotor is the rotating unit of the centrifuge, which has fixed holes drilled at an angle. Test tubes are placed inside these holes and the rotor spins to aid in the separation of the materials. 8
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- 12. TYPES OF CENTRIFUGATION Preparative centrifugation: • it is a preliminary step to separate component for further separation and analysis. It can handle large amount of samples. Its divide 2 types: • Density gradient centrifugation • Differential velocity centrifugation Analytical centrifugation: • we analyze the sample so small amount is used few micro-gram/ L to 1 mL • Mostly ultracentrifuge is used 12
- 13. DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION • Under centrifugal force, the particles will begin sedimenting through the density gradient. • Two type of this- 1. Rate zonal centrifugation 2. Isopycnic centrifugation 13
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- 20. ULTRACENTRIFUGATION • The ultracentrifuge is a centrifuge optimized for spinning a rotor at very high speeds, capable of generating acceleration as high as 19600 km/s² (around 50000 rpm). • Example: Red cells may be separated from plasma of blood, nuclei from mitochondria in cell homogenates, and one protein from another in complex mixtures. 20
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- 25. APPLICATION OF CENTRIFUGATION • Isolating suspensions • Isotope separation • Aeronautics and astronautics • Geotechnical centrifuge modeling: • Commercial applications: 25
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- 29. CONCLUSION • The centrifugation is a modern and easy technique of separation. • Due to centrifugation it is easy to separate cellular and sub cellular components. • It is used to study the effects of centrifugal forces on cells. • But it is costly and problem to maintenance. 29
- 30. REFERENCES • https://www.slideshare.net/poojakamble1609/principles-and-applications-of-centrifugation • https://www.slideshare.net/poojakamble1609/principles-and-applications-of-centrifugation • https://www.britannica.com/technology/centrifuge • https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/centrifugation-separations.html • http://www.centrifuge.guide/significant-applications-of-centrifuges/ • http://centrifuges.hitachi-koki.com/application/pdf/red153e.pdf • http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/TIGP- NANO/Course/2007_Spring/Class%20Notes/AC_Chapter%203%20Centrifugation%200321.pdf 30