PPT_PRINCIPLES_OF_ART_AND_DESIGN.pdf art appre
- 1. PRINCIPLES OF ART AND DESIGN
- 2. Meaning and Nature of the Principles of Art and Design The principles of art and design are the foundation in creating an art. They represent how the artist, the elements of art to create a better effect as well as to help the artist to convey his intent. The use of these principles will tell us whether an art (for example, painting) is successful and beautiful and whether or not the painting is finished. The artist has the right to choose which principles of design he wants to use in his art work.
- 3. Architects, engineers, painters, sculptors, and other artists are not the only designers in the world; everybody is a designer. All of us are designers, in our own ways. Thus, it would be very beneficial for us to be familiar with the principles of art design- harmony, rhythm, balance, proportion, and emphasis.
- 4. 1. HARMONY Harmony is the principle which produces an impression of unity through the selection and arrangement of consistent objects or ideas. It is the quality which unifies every part of an arrangement. If there is harmony, there is order every orderly arrangement is harmonious.
- 5. FIVE ASPECTS OF HARMONY a. Harmony of lines and shapes. b. Harmony of size. c. Harmony of color. d. Harmony of texture. e. Harmony of idea.
- 6. A. HARMONY OF LINES AND SHAPES Lines are made harmonious by either repeating the shape of the lines or by connecting transitional lines to contrasting lines. A transitional line or merely transition is usually a curved, graceful line which connects two opposing or contrasting lines. The latter are straight lines which intersect each other and form angles. Lines made in this manner are called contrasting or opposing lines.
- 7. Repetition shows harmony. Rugs and large furniture should therefore follow the lines of the room. Objects used in setting a dining table should be arranged parallel to the edge of the table. Curtains must be parallel to the door and window frames, and picture frames parallel to studding. If the corner of a building and the level of the ground are in contrast and not harmonious, transitional lines are necessary to soften the opposing lines. This can be done by planting shrubs at the corner and sides of the building.
- 8. B.HARMONY OF SIZE. Harmony of size refers to good proportion.
- 9. C. HARMONY OF COLOR Creating harmony of color means using two or more colors in decorating an article or object. It does not only mean the mixing of colors. A girl, for instance, may use three colors in her dress, that is the blouse may be pink, the skirt is dark red, and the buttons on the blouse is dark red. There are two standards or groups of color harmonies; related harmonies and contrasting harmonies.
- 12. D. HARMONY OF TEXTURE The character of texture can be determined by feeling the object with the fingertips or by looking at it. Coarse textures should not be combined with fine textures.
- 13. E. HARMONY OF IDEA Combining antique and modern furniture in the same room does not show harmony of idea. A store window displaying dresses, hardware and school supplies would be a very poor display.
- 14. 2. RHYTHM In design, rhythm is the regular, uniform, or related visual movement made through the repetition of a unit or motif. It is the basis of almost all performing arts because it is the principle which is most quickly felt. We find rhythm not only in painting and architecture but also in music, dance and poetry. A unit or motif is a dominant feature or part repeated in a design or decoration. Repetition of a unit creates a feeling of movement of rhythm. All structural elements may be repeated to suggest movement.
- 15. Rhythm refers to the movement within a piece of art that helps the eye travel through the to a point of focus. Like in music, rhythm in art can vary in its speed ... some works are more calm and relaxed while others are more energetic and active. Others may even seem a bit off balance if the rhythm is regular. A rhythm art example would be applying similar colors next to one another in a sequence or an arrangement of shapes or lines that create a flow or movement to the artistic composition, and as a result, this flow or movement creates the rhythm.
- 16. 3. BALANCE Balance is a condition or quality which gives a feeling of rest, repose equilibrium, or stability. Mathematically, objects are balanced when they have equal physical weights and are placed equally distant from a common center or axis. ln art, we do not exactly arrange objects of equal physical weights or sizes to produce balance. It is the visual weights of lines, forms, values, textures and colors that we really balance. Visual weight is the quality which gains and holds attention. In other words, it is the power or attraction of each of the elements of art.
- 17. Formal or Symmetrical Balance Formal or symmetrical balance is the balance of equal visual weights placed at equal distance from the axis. Formal balance may be subdivided into two: bisymmetrical absolute, or perfect balance and symmetrical, apparent, or obvious balance. Bisymmetrical balance is the balance of identical objects (identical in form, value, size, texture, and color) placed on each side of the central axis and equally distant from the center. Symmetrical or obvious balance is the balance of objects with nearly identical description. The face or head of a normal person looks symmetrical at the front, but it is not considered bisymmetrical.
- 18. lnformal or Asymmetrical Informal or asymmetrical balance is the balance of unequal visual weights, the heavier one being nearer the axis and the lighter one farther. It is sometimes referred to as occult balance and free balance. Slant or diagonal balance is a form of informal balance in which the objects are balanced on a diagonal axis. Objects can be balanced formally by changing their distances from the center and by increasing and decreasing the visual weight of one of them. To balance objects on a horizontal axis, the objects with heavier visual weight must appear nearer the axis than the other.
- 21. 4. PROPORTION Proportion is the art principle which shows pleasing relationship between a whole and its parts and between the parts themselves. It can be achieved through proper arrangement of space divisions Proportions are generally expressed in terms of ratios.
- 22. There are three (3) aspects of proportion: proportion in the grouping of portion in space, divisions, and scales. Proportion is established then two or more objects are placed near or adjacent to each other. An arrangement or grouping of objects may show good or bad proportion arranging objects, it is more pleasing to group three objects with another three, or two objects with three, than to group two objects with two or two with four. It is because odd numbers are more interesting than even numbers. Very small objects should not be grouped with very large ones. Otherwise, they will be out of proportion. Harmony of size is the same as good proportion.
- 23. 5. EMPHASIS (DIIN) Emphasis is the principle of art which tends to carry the eyes from the center of interest or dominant part of any composition to the less important or subordinate part. The most essential factor in emphasis is simplicity. This is the guiding principle of the Greek and the Japanese arts. There is no dominance without subordination and no subordination without dominance. ‘Girl With Pearl Earring’ by Johannes Vermeer
- 24. The answer to the question, "What things should be emphasized? depends upon the artist's purpose. It may be the outline, form, color, texture, size, idea, or value of an object. The least thing that should be emphasize and arrangement or composition is the background. Hence, it must be plain and should not be more conspicuous than the objects placed before it.
- 25. METHODS OF EMPHASIZING OBJECTS a. By arrangement or grouping of objects. b. By decoration. c. By color contrast.
- 26. a. By arrangement or grouping of objects. If objects are grouped together, the one to be emphasized should be located at the center and should be the biggest and brightest in color. b. By decoration. Objects which have decorations are given more emphasis than those without them. c. By color contrast. Contrasting colors such as the complementary combination and the triads are more emphatic than analogous or any other related harmonies.
- 28. 6. MOVEMENT Movement is the result of using the elements of art that they move the viewer's eye around and within the image. A sense of movement can be created by diagonal or curvy lines, either real or implied, by edges, by the illusion of space, by repetition, by energetic mark-making. The Great Wave of Kanagawa Print by Hokusai
- 29. 7. PATTERN Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the elements or art or any combination thereof. Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition. Some classic patterns are spirals, grids, weaves. For examples of different pattern types see the Artlandia Glossary of Pattern Design. A popular drawing practice is Zentangles, in which an abstract or representational outline is divided into different areas, each of which contains a unique pattern.
- 30. ZENTANGLE A Zentangle is a miniature abstract work of art created by a collection of patterns. There are no rules. The Zentangle Method has steps to guide you in creating Zentangle art, but at the end of the day the Zentangle Method is all about putting pen to paper and creating art. If you are doing that and having fun, then the rest does not matter.
- 31. 8. UNITY/VARIETY You want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit together comfortably. Too much unity creates monotony, too much variety creates chaos, you need both.
- 32. 9. NOVELTY OF NEWNESS A new style of dress appears more attractive and interesting than ordinary dress design. Novelty provides the best opportunity for an ordinary creative ability.
- 33. 10. UTILITY, ADAPTABILITY, OR FUNCTION A work of art must not only possess beauty but also utility. The object must be adaptable to the purpose for which it is made. This is especially true to all practical arts. In designing modern structures, function is now the first consideration.