PQRI Coding Guidance 2007

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 2007 Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) Coding Guidance Module III May 24, 2007

Overview Value-Based Purchasing and the PQRI PQRI Introduction: Information about PQRI PQRI Reporting: Understanding the Measures PQRI Reporting: Coding for Quality PQRI Implementation: Practice Readiness PQRI Support: Educational Tools and Resources

Value-Based Purchasing and PQRI Value-based purchasing is a key mechanism for transforming Medicare from a passive payer to an active purchaser. Current Medicare Physician Fee Schedule is based on quantity and resources consumed, NOT quality or value of services. Value = Quality / Cost Incentives can encourage higher quality and avoidance of unnecessary costs to enhance the value of care.

Quality and PQRI PQRI reporting will focus attention on quality of care. Foundation is evidence-based measures developed by professionals. Reporting data for quality measurement is rewarded with financial incentive. Measurement enables improvements in care. Reporting is the first step toward pay for performance.

PQRI Introduction: The Statute Tax Relief and Healthcare Act (TRHCA) Division B, Title I, Section 101 provides statutory authority for PQRI and defines: Eligible professionals Quality measures Form and manner of reporting Determination of satisfactory reporting Bonus payment calculation Validation Appeals

PQRI Introduction: The PQRI Website www.cms.hhs.gov/pqri Overview CMS Sponsored Calls Statute/Regulations/Program Instructions Eligible Professionals Measures/Codes Reporting Analysis and Payment Educational Resources

PQRI Introduction: Eligible Professionals Physicians MD/DO Podiatrist Optometrist Oral Surgeon Dentist Chiropractor Therapists Physical Therapist Occupational Therapist Qualified Speech-Language Pathologist Practitioners Physician Assistant Nurse Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Certified Nurse Midwife Clinical Social Worker Clinical Psychologist Registered Dietician Nutrition Professional

PQRI Introduction: The Quality Measures Final list of 74 quality measure statements, descriptions, and detailed specifications now posted at: www.cms.hhs.gov/PQRI . Specifications will be updated and reposted prior to the July 1, 2007 start date to expand the applicability of the measures.

PQRI Introduction: Successful Reporting If 4 or more measures are applicable to the practice, practitioner must report at least 3 of them correctly for 80 percent of cases (visits or patients, depending on measure). If 3 or fewer measures are applicable to the practice, practitioner must report each of them correctly for 80 percent of the cases (visits or patients, depending on measure).

PQRI Introduction: The Bonus Payment Professionals that report successfully are eligible for a 1.5 percent bonus payment, subject to a cap. Potential bonus payment is calculated using total allowed charges for covered professional services furnished during the reporting period and paid under the Physician Fee Schedule. The cap will be calculated at the end of the reporting period by multiplying the National Average per Measure Payment Amount (National total charges associated with quality measures /National total instances of reporting) x 300% x Individual’s instances of reporting quality data.

PQRI Introduction: Validation and Appeals Validation The statute requires CMS to use sampling or other means to validate whether the required minimum number of quality measures applicable to the services have been reported. Appeals The statute excludes PQRI-related determinations from formal administrative or judicial review.

PQRI Introduction: Key Information Reporting period: Dates of Service between July 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 No need to register: just begin reporting. Must be an enrolled Medicare provider (but need not have signed a Medicare participation agreement). Need to use individual National Provider Identifier (NPI).

PQRI Introduction: The Tools Gather information and educational materials from the PQRI website ( www.cms.hhs.gov/pqri ). Change Request 5640 (effective May, 18, 2007) Coding and Reporting Principles Gather information from other sources, such as your professional association, specialty society or the American Medical Association.

PQRI Reporting Understanding the Measures

PQRI Reporting: Select Measures Review the 2007 PQRI measures list and specifications at: www.cms.hhs.gov/PQRI . Click on the Measures/Codes link Go to Downloads Select measures that address the services you provide to patients. Conditions you treat Types of care you provide – e.g., preventive, chronic, acute Settings of care for your work – e.g., office, ED, surgical suite Consider your quality improvement goals for 2007.

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the Measures 74 unique measures associated with clinical conditions that are routinely represented on Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) claims through the use of diagnosis codes from ICD-9-CM and procedural codes from the Health Care Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS)

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the Specifications The Specifications describe specific measures and associated codes that address various aspects of care: Prevention Chronic Care Management Acute Episode of Care Management Procedural Related Care Resource Utilization Care Coordination

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the Specifications Each measure has a Reporting frequency requirement for each eligible patient seen during the reporting period Report one-time only Report once for each procedure performed Report for each acute episode

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the Specifications Some measures have a Performance Timeframe related to the clinical action that may be distinct form the reporting frequency. These may be stated: Perform within 12 months Most recent

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the the Quality Data Codes CPT II codes (or temporary G codes used on an exception basis where CPT II codes have not yet been developed) Quality Data Codes translate clinical actions so they can be captured in the administrative claims process.

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the the Quality Data Codes Quality Data Codes can relay that: The measure requirement was met The measure requirement was not met due to documented allowable performance exclusions (i.e., using performance exclusion modifiers) The measure requirement was not met and the reason is not documented in the medical record (i.e., using the 8P reporting modifier)

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the the Modifiers Performance Measure Exclusion Modifiers indicate that an action specified in the measure was not provided due to medical, patient or systems reason(s) documented in the medical record: 1P- Performance Measure Exclusion Modifier due to Medical Reasons 2P- Performance Measure Exclusion Modifier used due to Patient Reason 3P- Performance Measure Exclusion Modifier used due to System Reason One or more exclusions may be applicable for a given measure. Certain measures have no applicable exclusion modifiers. Refer to the measure specifications to determine the appropriate exclusion modifiers.

PQRI Reporting: Understanding the the Modifiers Performance Measure Reporting Modifier facilitates reporting a case when the patient is eligible but the action described in a measure is not performed and the reason is not specified or documented 8P- Performance Measure Reporting Modifier- action not performed, reason not otherwise specified

PQRI Reporting Coding for Quality

PQRI Reporting: Coding for Quality Anti-platelet Therapy Prescribed for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Advanced Care Planning Perioperative Care: Timing of Antibiotic Prophylaxis- Ordering Physician

Successful Reporting Scenario Oral Anti-platelet Therapy Prescribed for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Measure #6 Performance Description : Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease who were prescribed anti-platelet therapy* Reporting Description : Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older seen by the clinician and an applicable CPT Category II code reported once per reporting period for patients seen during the reporting period *Anti-platelet therapy consists of aspirin, clopidogrel/Plavix or a combination of aspirin and dypyridamole/Aggrenox.

Successful Reporting Scenario Oral Antiplatelet Therapy Prescribed for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease *All of these situations represent successful 2007 PQRI reporting. Current Procedural Terminology © 2006 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Mr. Jones presents for office visit with Dr. Thomas Mr. Jones has diagnosis of CAD Situation 1: Dr. Thomas documents that Mr. Jones is receiving antiplatelet therapy. CPT II code 4011F* Situation 2: Dr. Thomas documents that antiplatelet therapy is contraindicated for Mr. Jones because he has a bleeding disorder. CPT II code 4011F-1P modifier Situation 3: There is no documentation that Dr. Thomas or other eligible professional addressed antiplatelet therapy for Mr. Jones. CPT II code 4011F-8P modifier

Successful Reporting Scenario Advanced Care Plan Measure #47 Performance Description : Percentage of patients aged 65 years and older with documentation of a surrogate decision-maker or advanced care plan in the medical record Reporting Description : Percentage of patients aged 65 years and older seen by the clinician and an applicable CPT Category II code reported a minimum of once during the reporting period* *This measure is appropriate for use in all healthcare settings.

Successful Reporting Scenario Advanced Care Plan All of these scenarios represent successful 2007 PQRI reporting. Current Procedural Terminology © 2006 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Scenario 1: The clinician asks if the patient has an advanced care plan or surrogate decision-maker. Clinician documented an advanced care plan in the chart. CPT II code 1080F Scenario 2: The clinician documents in the chart that the patient does not wish to discuss advanced care planning . CPT II code 1080F-2P modifier Scenario 3: There is no documentation that clinician discussed a surrogate decision maker or advanced care plan, no reason is specified. CPT II code 1080F-8P modifier A 70 year old male patient presents to the clinician for medical care.

Successful Reporting Scenario Perioperative Care: Timing of Antibiotic Prophylaxis-Ordering Physician Measure #20 Performance Description : Percentage of surgical patients aged 18 years and older undergoing procedures with the indications for prophylactic parenteral antibiotics, who have an order for prophylactic antibiotic to be given within one hour (if fluoroquinolone or vancomycin, two hours), prior to the surgical incision (or start of procedure when no incision is required Reporting Description : Percentage of surgical patients aged 18 years and older undergoing procedures with the indications for prophylactic parenteral antibiotics and applicable CPT Category II code reported each time a procedure is performed during the reporting period

Successful Reporting Scenario Perioperative Care: Timing of Antibiotic Prophylaxis-Ordering Physician All of these scenarios represent successful 2007 PQRI reporting. Current Procedural Terminology © 2006 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Scenario 2: Documentation of medical reason for not ordering antibiotic therapy within the specified time frame. CPT II code 4047F - 1P modifier Scenario 3: Order for prophylactic antibiotic not documented, no reason specified. CPT II code 4047F- 8P modifier A 70 year old female presents to the operating room for scheduled abdominal surgery. Scenario 1: Documentation of perioperative order for appropriate prophylactic antibiotics within one hour of surgical incision time(two hours if fluoroquinolone or vancomycin). CPT II code 4047F

CPT Category II codes (or temporary G-codes) may be reported on paper-based 1500 or electronic 837-P claims. The CPT Category II code, which supplies the numerator, must be reported on the same claim form as the payment ICD-9 and CPT Category I codes, which supply the denominator of the measures. Multiple CPT Category II codes can be reported on the same claim, as long as the corresponding denominator codes are also on that claim. PQRI Reporting: Data Submission

Submitted charge field cannot be blank Line item charge should be $0.00 If system does not allow $0.00 line item charge, use a small amount like $0.01. Entire claims with a zero charge are rejected. Quality data code line items will be denied for payment but then passed through to the NCH file for PQRI analysis. PQRI Reporting: Data Submission

The individual NPI of the participating professional must be properly used on the claim. Multiple Eligible Professionals with their NPIs may be reported on the same claim with each quality data code line item corresponding to the services rendered by the professional for that encounter. All claims must reach the NCH file by February 29, 2008 to be included in the bonus calculation. PQRI Reporting: Data Submission

PQRI Reporting: Ensuring Success Start reporting early to increase the probability of achieving the 80 percent rate of reporting during the reporting period. Report on as many measures as possible to increase the likelihood of achieving successful reporting. Report on as many eligible patients as you can to decrease the probability of being subject to the bonus cap. Ensure that quality codes are reported on the same claim as the diagnosis or CPT-I codes.

PQRI Implementation Practice Readiness

PQRI Implementation: Developing Reporting Process Identify team that will develop reporting process; include members of office staff as well as clinical practitioners. Review steps for ongoing reporting in light of selected measures. Consider what changes will need to be made to practice systems for each step. Consider using worksheets, encounter forms, screen templates, or other tools for data capture.

PQRI Implementation: Modifying Practice Systems Depending on the reporting system you have developed, you may need to: Adopt, modify or create PQRI worksheets (use or modify CMS worksheets or those created by a third party, if available) Adopt, modify or create billing sheet/encounter forms Adopt, modify or create other paper materials Modify fields or capabilities of electronic medical records (EMR) system to include G-codes and/or CPT-II codes or other capabilities Modify billing system to accept $0.00 or $0.01 charges for line items with quality codes Improve documentation of care provided

PQRI Implementation: Test System Readiness Eligible professionals interested in testing their billing system and practice readiness prior to July 1 will have an opportunity to do so. CMS has designated code G8300 as a test code for PQRI reporting for dates of service prior to July 1, 2007. Note that G8300 will become 'Not Valid for Medicare Purposes’ effective for dates of service on and after July 1, 2007. Providers should not submit this code on claims for dates of service on and after July 1. Simply add the G8300 as a line item on any claims for services prior to July 1, 2007. Enter “$0.00” or “$0.01” as the line item charge for the test code. This will test the ability of the billing software or clearance house to accept either.

PQRI Implementation: Test System Readiness For paper claims, report the test code in field 24D on the CMS 1500 Form. On the ASCX12N electronic health care claim transaction (version 4010A1), enter the test code in the SV101-2 “Product/Service ID” Data Element on the SV1 “Professional Service” Segment of the 2400 “Service Line” Loop. It is also necessary to identify in this segment that a HCPCS code is being supplied by submitting the HC in data element SV101-1 within the SV1 “Professional Service” Segment. All necessary fields must be reported on the line for the test code just the same as they are for other codes, on the CMS 1500 Form and on the ASCX12N electronic health care claim transaction (version 4010A1).

PQRI Implementation: Test System Readiness Reminder: NPIs will need to be included on the line level for the claims to be used in the PQRI analysis. Providers are encouraged to use this time to get into the habit of reporting line-level NPI information.

PQRI Support: Educational Tools and Resources Engagement through communication CMS PQRI website contains all publicly available information at: www.cms.hhs.gov/PQRI Medicare Carrier/Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC) inquiry management Educational materials

PQRI Support: Educational Tools and Resources Educational materials to be available soon on the PQRI website: Final Specifications New Frequently Asked Questions PQRI Code Master Individual Measure Worksheets 2007 PQRI Participation Handbook

PQRI Coding Guidance 2007

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PQRI Coding Guidance 2007