PR2_Q1_W3.ppt
- 2. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY Differentiate the kinds of variables and their uses
- 3. REVIEW •How important is quantitative research during the pandemic? •In what instances of our life do we see the importance of quantitative research?
- 4. ACTIVITY Directions: Guided by the set of images, re-arrange the letters to form the correct term that will best describe the set of images.
- 5. DEENGR
- 6. GENDER
- 9. MINEOC
- 10. INCOME
- 11. EERRFOAMPCN
- 12. PERFORMANCE
- 13. ANALYSIS •What terms were form or unlock? •What is common to these terms?
- 14. Variables
- 15. Variable • Central concept in research • Any characteristic which is subject to change and can have more than one value such as age, intelligence, motivation, gender, etc.
- 17. Continuous Variable • A variable that can take infinite number on the value that can occur within population • Its values can be divided into fractions
- 18. Discrete Variable • Also known as categorical or classificatory variable • Any variable that has limited number of distinct values and which cannot be divided into fractions
- 19. Continuous or Discrete • Time • Sex • Blood Group • Income • Age • The price of gas • Marital Status • Number of Students in each Strand • Number of Children in the Family
- 21. Interval Variable • Interval variables have a numerical value • These have order and equal intervals. • It has no absolute zero value
- 22. Ratio Variable •A ratio variable is similar to an interval variable with one difference: the ratio makes sense. •It has absolute zero value
- 23. Interval or Ratio • Scores • Height • Weight • Celsius • Fahrenheit • Distance
- 25. Nominal/Categorical Variable • They can be measured only in terms of whether the individual items belong to certain distinct categories • We cannot quantify or even rank/order the categories: • Nominal data has no order • One cannot perform arithmetic (+, -, /, *) or logical operations (>, <, =) on the nominal data.
- 26. Ordinal Variable • An ordinal variable is a nominal variable, but its different states are ordered in a meaningful sequence. • It can be ranked • Ordinal data has order but the intervals between scale points may be uneven. • Because of lack of equal distances, arithmetic operations are impossible, but logical operations can be performed on the ordinal data.
- 27. Nominal or Ordinal • place of birth • Socioeconomic status • class • Grades • political orientation • gender • types of sports • Educational attainment
- 29. Independent Variable • Variable that is presumed to influence other variable • It is the presumed cause • It is the one responsible for the conditions that act on something else to bring about changes
- 30. Dependent Variable • Variable affected by the independent variable • It responds to the independent variable. • It presumed effect • It is the result or effect of the changes brought about by another variable
- 31. Extraneous Variables • Variables that may affect the research outcomes but not have been adequately considered in the study. Extraneous variables that are not recognized until the study is in process, or are recognized before the study initiated but cannot be controlled are referred to as confounding variables. • Certain external variables may influence the relationship between the research variables, even though researcher cannot see it. These variables are called intervening variables.
- 32. Independent or Dependent • How stress affects mental state of human beings? • Promotion affects employees’ motivation • Effectiveness of Exposing Students in Classical Music on Reading Comprehension • Increasing Mathematics Achievement Through Contextualized and Localized Materials