Practical 4 Experiment on determination of shape and size of the cereal grains.ppt
- 1. APE 311 Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture (1+1) Practical - 4 Experiment on determination of shape and size of the cereal grains
- 2. Determination of shape and size of the cereal grains AIM: To determine the shape and size of the given cereal grains by determining the following parameters. a. Size (length, breadth, thickness, diameter) b. Sphericity c. Roundness d. Roundness ratio e. Identifying the shape of the given specimens. APPARATUS: Vernier caliper/screw gauge, travelling microscope, cereal grain samples, etc.
- 3. Determination of shape and size of the cereal grains THEORY: Size is measured in the form of diameter/ radius, length and breadth, and length, breadth and thickness. For the circular or spherical objects, diameter is used. When the size can be expressed in two or three dimensions, the major dimension is length and the dimension perpendicular to length is breadth or width and the dimension perpendicular to both length and breadth is called the thickness or height.
- 4. Determination of shape and size of the cereal grains THEORY: The measurement is done using vernier caliper, screw gauge, travelling microscope, etc., with a least count of 0.01 mm. Normally a minimum number of 50 grains / samples are measured and the mean is reported with the standard deviation. Measurement of size is useful in developing the packaging system, selection of sieve perforation, selection of sieve size for grading, etc.
- 5. Determination of shape and size of the cereal grains THEORY: The size of the grains increases with moisture content at extreme conditions due to swelling. Shape is an important property to specify the geometry of the crop. They are important for the design of packaging system and sieve for grading/ separation.
- 6. 1. Shape and size Shape: Important shapes of agricultural crops and examples.
- 7. 1. Shape and size Important shapes of agricultural crops and examples.
- 8. 1. Shape and size i) Roundness: It is a measure of the sharpness of the solid material. The most widely accepted methods for determining the roundness of irregular particle
- 9. Physical properties Shape and size
- 10. 1. Shape and size ii) Sphericity:
- 11. 1. Shape and size ii) Sphericity: Sphericity may be defined as the ratio of the diameter of a sphere of the same volume as that of the particle and the diameter of the smallest circumscribing sphere or generally the largest diameter of the particle. This parameter shows the shape character of the particle relative to the sphere having same volume. If De is the diameter of a sphere having same volume as that of the particle and Dc is the diameter of the smallest circumscribing sphere, then the sphericity can be expressed as under.
- 12. 1. Shape and size ii) Sphericity:
- 13. 1. Shape and size ii) Sphericity:
- 14. Determination of shape and size of the cereal grains PROCEDURE: Size: Take minimum 10 grains/seeds from each lot of particular moisture content. Place each grain/seed on the platform of the travelling microscope and coincide the cross-hair line of the microscope to the one end of the seed/grain and note down the main scale and the vernier scale reading.
- 15. PROCEDURE: Size: Move the microscope with the hand wheel provided and coincide the cross-hair line with the other end of the grain/seed and note down the scale readings and tabulate the values. Vernier caliper / screw gauge can also be used for this measurement. Repeat this for the breadth-wise also for the same grain/seed.
- 16. PROCEDURE: Size: Move the microscope with the hand wheel provided and To measure the thickness or diameter of the grain/seed use a vernier caliper or screw gauge and measure the same and enter the readings in Table. Repeat the measurement for atleast 25 grains/ seeds and also of other moisture contents and tabulate the readings.
- 17. PROCEDURE: Shape: Closely observe the given grain samples and identify the shape of the specimen. Place the given samples / specimens on a table and trace its projection as shown below. Measure the area under the projection, diameter of the circles and the radius of the circles formed at the corners.
- 20. PROCEDURE:
- 21. PROCEDURE: Record the observations like diameters, area, etc. of the projected and drawn circles and calculate the roundness, roundness ratio and sphericity. Report the values in tables.
- 22. Exercise - 1 Find the length and diameter of 3 varieties of paddy grain Mean
- 23. Exercise - 2 Find the roundness, roundness ratio and sphericity of the onion?