Practical task abstract types of abstract
- 1. ABSTRACT: TYPES OF ABSTRACT Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer: Makasheva Aizhan Prmaganbetovna
- 2. An abstract is a short summary of a longer work (such as a thesis, dissertation or research paper). The abstract concisely reports the aims and outcomes of your research, so that readers know exactly what your paper is about.
- 3. It’s easiest to write your abstract last, right before the proofreading stage, because it’s a summary of the work you’ve already done. Your abstract should: Be a self-contained text, not an excerpt from your paper Be fully understandable on its own Reflect the structure of your larger work
- 4. One common way to structure your abstract is to use the IMRaD structure. This stands for: Introduction Methods Results Discussion
- 5. Abstracts are usually around 100–300 words, but there’s often a strict word limit, so make sure to check the relevant requirements. In a dissertation or thesis, include the abstract on a separate page, after the title page and acknowledgements but before the table of contents.
- 6. Step 1: Introduction Start by clearly defining the purpose of your research. You can include some brief context on the social or academic relevance of your dissertation topic. After identifying the problem, state the objective of your research. This part of the abstract can be written in the present or past simple tense but should never refer to the future, as the research is already complete.
- 7. Step 2: Methods Indicate the research methods that you used to answer your question. Don’t evaluate validity or obstacles here.
- 8. Step 3: Results Summarize the main research results. Try to highlight only the most important findings.
- 9. Step 4: Discussion Discuss the main conclusions of your research: what is your answer to the problem or question? limitations to your research recommendations for implementation suggestions for further research
- 10. Tips for writing an abstract Read other abstracts Reverse outline Write clearly and concisely Check your formatting
- 13. Tips for writing an abstract Stick to the word limit. Abstracts are usually 100-250 words long. Follow the specific formatting requirements for your abstract. Provide a statement of what the paper found rather than what it will ask or explore. For each chapter or section, list keywords and write one to two sentences that summarize each section. Use this as a framework to put your abstract together. Include keywords from your full paper in your abstract. Read other abstracts and use them as a framework for structure and style. Reference specific details of your findings.
- 14. What to avoid when writing an abstract Extensively referring to other works Defining any terms Adding information that isn't contained in the larger work Adding unnecessary filler words and obscure jargon