Practice for petroelum reservoir simulation using Eclipse Software

11/25/2023 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT 204

Chapter Outline
11/25/2023 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT 205
▪ Introduction
▪ Data sections in the input data file
▪ Some typical keywords
▪ Practices

▪ Black Oil vs Compositional Simulators
▪ How ECLIPSE Works
▪ ECLIPSE Input Data File & Data Sections
▪ Reservoir Simulation with ECLIPSE
11/25/2023 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 206
Introduction to ECLIPSE

Black Oil Simulators
▪ Oil & gas phases are represented by one ‘component’
▪ Composition of gas & oil components are assumed to be
constant with respect to pressure & time
Compositional Simulators
▪ Oil & gas phases are represented by multicomponent
mixtures
▪ Assumes the reservoir fluids at all temperatures, pressures,
compositions & time can be represented by EOS
Black-Oil vs Compositional Simulators

▪ A data file (in ASCII text format) is needed for ECLIPSE to
run a reservoir simulation
▪ Each section of the data file is read, processed, consistency
checks are performed & required information is written to
various output files
How ECLIPSE works?

RUNSPEC
SCHEDULE
SUMMARY
SOLUTION
REGIONS
PROPS
GRID
EDIT
Wells, completions, rate data, flow correlations, surface facilities
Simulator advance, control and termination
Request output for line plots (optional section)
Initialization
Subdivision of the reservoir (optional section)
PVT & SCAL properties
Modification of the processed GRID data (optional section)
General model characteristics
Grid geometry and basic rock properties
Input Data Sections

Flow = Transmissibility * Mobility * Potential Difference
Geometry &
Properties
Fluid
Properties
Well
Production
GRID
EDIT
PROPS SCHEDULE
SOLUTION
REGIONS
Flow Modeling

0 100
0
Permeability,
mD
Static Reservoir Description

▪ PVT: Fluid Properties
✓ Describe the phase behaviour
of reservoir fluids at all
pressures
▪ SCAL: Rock Properties
✓ Describe the behavior of the
reservoir rocks
✓ Describe the rock-fluid
interactions
Reservoir Fluid & Rock Data

▪ Equilibrium
✓ Define the initial saturation of
each phase & pressure gradients
based on contact depths
✓ ECLIPSE calculates the saturations
& pressures assuming equilibrium
▪ Enumeration
✓ Explicitly specify the initial
saturation & pressure in each cell
Data Initialization

▪ Well locations
▪ Completion information
▪ Historical prod & injection
rates
▪ Well or group rate
constraints
▪ Workovers
▪ New wells
▪ Drilling queues
Well Data

Output Data
Keyword
(Set in
RUNSPEC) Sample Advantages Disadvantages
File
Type
Formatted: ascii FMTOUT *.FEGRID
Can be read with
text editor
Large in size
Unformatted: binary
(Default) *.EGRID Small in size
Must use @convert
to read in text
editor
Content
Type
Unified: One file
containing many
report steps
UNIFOUT *.UNRST
Unlimited # of Reports
Last report lost on crash
Unwanted reports
cannot be
deleted
Multiple: A separate
file for each report
step
(Default) *.X0001,
*.X0002, etc
Unwanted files can
be deleted
Last file not written
on crash
Limited to 9999 reports

Known as: Use Main Controlling Keyword(s)
Default
(Unformatted
Multiple)
FMTOUT
UNIFOUT
(Formatted
Multiple)
UNIFOUT
(Unformatted
Unified)
FMTOUT
(Formatted
Multiple)
Log File
Run monitoring information ie, errors,
messages, etc
None (batch mode triggers ECLIPSE
to write this file)
*.LOG
Debug File Specialized output generally used by
developers & support staff
DEBUG, DEBUG3, EPSDEBUG,
VEDEBUG, WELDEBUG, RPTISOL
*.DBG
Print File *
Main text output file, contains messages
warnings, errors, etc plus user- requested
information
, MESSAGES,
RPTGRID(L), RPTPROPS,
RPTREGS, RPTSUM,
RPTSOL, RPTSCHED
*.PRT
Error File
System information when simulation
fails
None *.ERR
Geometry File *
Grid structural geometry, used for 2D/3D
visualization, old-style (*.GRID) &
extensible (*.EGRID),
GRIDFILE
*.EGRID,
*.GRID
*.FEGRID,
*.FGRID
*.EGRID,
*.GRID
*.FEGRID,
*.FGRID
Initial Specs Index of the contents of the Init file None *.INSPEC *.FINSPEC *.INSPEC *.FINSPEC
Initial File *
Initial grid properties, regions & props
tables (poro, perm, pore volume,
transmissibility), used for 2D/3D
visualization
INIT *.INIT *.FINIT *.INIT *.FINIT
Flux file
Contains flow & pressure at flux
boundary regions
DUMPFLUX *.FLUX *.FFLUX *.FLUX *.FFLUX
*Most commonly used files
Output Data (cont’d)

Known as: Use Main Controlling Keyword(s)
Default
(Unformatted
Multiple)
FMTOUT
UNIFOUT
(Formatted
Multiple)
UNIFOUT
(Unformatted
Unified)
FMTOUT
(Formatted
Multiple)
Summary Specs
Index of the contents of the summary
file(s)
None *.SMSPEC *.FSMSPEC *.SMSPEC *.FSMSPEC
Summary
* Used to create line plots, can contain
field, group, well & completion
results varying with time
Many, see Summary section
overview in ECLIPSE Reference
Manual
*.Snnnn *.FUNSMRY *.UNSMRY *.Annnn
Run Summary
Same info as the Summary file, but in
tabular format for import
into a spreadsheet
RUNSUM, EXCEL, LOTUS,
NARROW, SEPARATE
*.RSM
RFT file
Contains simulated RFT information
sampled from cells with
well connections
WRFT, WRFTPLT *.RFT *.FRFT *.RFT *.FRFT
Save File
Used in fast restart runs, contains
static description, rock & fluid
props, aquifer data & output
controls
SAVE *.SAVE *.FSAVE *.SAVE *.FSAVE
Restart Specs Index of restart files None *.RSSPEC *.FRSSPEC *.RSSPEC *.FRSSPEC
Restart(s)
*
Used in Restart runs & for 2D/3D
visualization, contains a complete
description of the reservoir at
user- requested report times
RPTRST, RPTSCHED, RPTSOL *Xnnnn *.FUNRST *.UNRST *.Fnnnn
*Most commonly used files
Output Data (cont’d)

▪ Define the simulation title
▪ Set the start date of the simulation
▪ Allocation of memory for the simulation
✓ Simulation grid
✓ Wells
✓ Tabular data
✓ Solver stack
RUNSPEC Section
số lượng ô
lưới

Phases present may be oil, water,
gas, disgas (dissolved gas), vapoil
(vaporized oil)
Units may also be
METRIC or LAB
Number of PVT, SCAL
Aquifer Tables,
Wells, Connections,
Segments
RUNSPEC
TITLE
ECLIPSE
Course
Example
DIMENS
20 5 10 /
FIELD
OIL
WATER
WELLDIMS
4 20 1 4 /
AQUDIMS
4* 1 250 /
TABDIMS
2 2 50 50 /
START
1 JAN 1994 /
RUNSPEC Section (cont’d)

GRID Section
Required Properties for each cell in the model:
▪ Geometry
✓ Cell dimensions & depths
▪ Properties
✓ Porosity
✓ Permeability
✓ (Net-to-gross or net thickness—if not included,
ECLIPSE assumes equal to 1)
tỷ lệ phần sand trên toàn bộ bề dày của một cell

Block
Centered
Corner
Point
Radial
Cartesian
1
Unstructured (PEBI)
Types of Grid Supported in ECLIPSE

3
Block-Centered Corner Point
ZCORN keyword
specifies the
height of all
corners of all
cells
(10,1,1)
(11,1,1)
COORD keyword
specifies the X,Y,Z
of the lines that
define the corner
of all cells
TOPS keyword specifies
the upper face depth
DX keyword specifies the
thickness of the cells in
the I direction
DY keyword specifies the
thickness of the cells in
the J direction
DZ keyword specifies
the thickness of the
cells in the K direction
Note: DXV, DYV, DZV are alternate forms
(10,1,1)
(11,1,1)
Block-Centered vs Corner Point

(11,1,1) (11,1,1)
Block-Centered Corner Point
2
Cell connections are
by logical order:
(11,1,1)  (11,1,2) &
(10,1,1)
Cell connections are by
geometric position:
(11,1,1)  (11,1,2), (10,1,2)partial & (10,1,3)
Block-Centered vs Corner Point (cont’d)

Block-centered
▪ Cell description is simple
– Pre-processor is not
required
– Geometry data is
small
▪ Geologic structures are
modelled simplistically
– Incorrect cell connections
across faults (user must
modify transmissibility)
Corner Point
▪ Cell description can be complex
– Pre-processor is needed
– Geometry data is
voluminous
▪ Geologic structures can be
modelled accurately
– Pinchouts & unconformities
can be modelled accurately
– Layer contiguity across
fault plane is accurately
modelled
Block-Centered vs Corner Point (cont’d)

Radial vs Cartesian Coordinate
Block-centered Corner Point
Cartesian Radial Cartesian Radial
NX, NY, NZ NR, NTHETA, NZ NX, NY, NZ NR, NTHETA, NZ
DX, DY, DZ (or
D*V form)
DR (INRAD &
OUTRAD),
DTHETA, DZ (or
D*V form)
COORD, ZCORN COORD, ZCORN
PERMX, -Y, -Z PERMR, -THT, -Z PERMX, -Y, -Z PERMR, -THT, -Z
MULTX, etc… MULTR, etc… MULTX, etc… MULTR, etc…

Cell properties
such as PORO,
PERMX, PERMY,
PERMZ, NTG are
averages defined
at the centre
Grid Cell Property Definition

• Cell data is read with i cycling fastest, followed by j then k
i increasing
j increasing
(12,4,1)
1
k increasing
(1,1,1)
Cartesian Data Reading

Cell data is read with R cycling fastest, followed by θ then k
k increasing
(4,3,1)
1
θ increasing
R increasing
(1,1,1)
Radial Data Reading Convention
mô phỏng thí nghiệm mẫu lõi đặc biệt (vì mẫu lõi là hình trục
tròn)

PORO
9*0.28 /
COPY
'PERMX' 'PERMY' /
'PERMX' 'PERMZ' /
/
MULTIPLY
'PERMZ' 0.05 /
2
BOX example
This would overwrite
PORO & PERMX
specified previously
Specify each value
Specify similar
values with *
EQUALS
example
COPY example
MULTIPLY example
Input Data Example
11/25/2023 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Fac/ulty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 229
--NX = 5, NY = 3, NZ = 4
NTG
1.00 1.00
1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00
1.00 1.00
15*0.40
15*0.95
15*0.85 / kết thúc keyword NTG
EQUALS
'PORO ' 0.250 / Applies to whole grid
'PERMX' 45 /
'PERMX' 10 1 5 1 3 2 2
/
Applies to cells specified
'PERMX' 588 1 5 1 3 3 3 /
/
BOX
PERMX absolute permeability
100 80 85 83 99 110 92 91 84 /
ENDBOX
1 3 1 3 1
1 /
x y
z

▪ The PROPS section contains pressure and saturation dependent
properties of the reservoir fluids & rocks
▪ Fluid information required (for each fluid in RUNSPEC):
✓ Fluid PVT as a function of Pressure
✓ Density or Gravity
▪ Rock information required:
✓ Relative permeabilities as a function of saturation
✓ Capillary pressures as a function of saturation
✓ Rock compressibility as a function of pressure
PROPS Section

▪ The PROPS section contains pressure and saturation dependent
properties of the reservoir fluids & rocks
▪ Fluid information required (for each fluid in RUNSPEC):
✓ Fluid PVT as a function of Pressure
✓ Density or Gravity
▪ Rock information required:
✓ Relative permeabilities as a function of saturation
✓ Capillary pressures as a function of saturation
✓ Rock compressibility as a function of pressure
PROPS Section – Rock Information

• Suitable for use with BO model
• Not suitable for use with BO model
• Suitable for use with BO model if the
fluids only have small compositional
changes during the production phase
Condensate dropout or gas
liberation should be a small part
of the hydrocarbon in place
Remaining hydrocarbon
composition should not change
significantly when gas is
liberated or condensate drops
out
A: Dead Oil
D:
Dry
Gas
F: Wet Gas,
Retrograde
E: Wet
Gas
G: Near
Critical
Fluid
B: Live Oil, Initially
Undersaturated
C: Live Oil,
Saturated
B
C:
Black-Oil Model
Mai Cao Lan, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT,
Vietnam
11/25/2023 232

#
Phases Phase Combination RUNSPEC Keywords
1
Dead Oil OIL
Dry Gas GAS
Water WATER
2
Dead Oil Water OIL, WATER
Dry Gas Water GAS, WATER
Dead Oil Dry Gas OIL, GAS
3
Live oil with dissolved Water OIL GAS, DISGAS, WATER
Wet gas with
vaporized
Water OIL, GAS, VAPOIL, WATER
Live oil with
dissolved
gas
Wet gas
with
vaporized
oil
Water OIL, GAS, DISGAS, VAPOIL, WATER
A: Dead Oil
D: Dry
Gas
E: Wet
Gas
B: Live Oil,
Initially
Undersaturated
C: Live Oil,
Saturated
PVT Black-Oil Model – Phase Combination
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▪ PVT data for dead oil behavior modeling
▪ PVT data for live oil behavior modeling
Modeling of Reservoir Oil Behavior with
Black-Oil Model
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11/25/2023 234

--P Bo Mu
2500 1.260 0.50
3000 1.257 0.55
3500 1.254 0.60
4000 1.251 0.65
4500
RSCONST
1.248 0.70 /
--GOR
0.656
Pb
2500 /
Dead Oil Behavior Modeling (1)
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11/25/2023 235
lấy từ thí nghiệm CCE (mẫu loại A: dead
oil)
PVDO
RSVD
--D Rs
5000 0.656
6000 0.500
/
lấy từ thí
nghiệm
DE (từ

PVCDO
--Pref
2500
Bo(Pref) Co
1.260
6E-6
Mu(Pref) Cv
0.5 E-
6 /
RSCONST
--Rs Pbub
0.656
2500 /
ref
B (P )= B
(P
o o
)e
C (P – Pref )
)e
(C –Cv )(P–Pref )
Boµo (P) = Boµo (Pref
ECLIPSE calculates the
PVT table using:
RSVD
--D Rs
5000 0.656
6000 0.500
/
Dead Oil Behavior Modeling (2)
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11/25/2023 236

PVTO
--Rs Pbub FVF Mu
0.137 1214.7 1.1720 1.970
0.195 1414.7 1.2000 1.556
0.241 1614.7 1.2210 1.397
0.288 1814.7 1.2420 1.280
0.375 2214.7 1.2780 1.095
0.465 2614.7 1.3200 0.967
0.558 3014.7 1.3600 0.848
0.661 3414.7 1.4020 0.762
0.770 3814.7 1.4470 0.691
4214.7 1.4405 0.694
4614.7 1.4340 0.697 /
Live Oil Behavior Modeling
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11/25/2023 237
lấy từ thí nghiệm
DL

PVCO
--Pbub Rs FVF Mu Co Cv
1214.7 0.137 1.172 1.970 1E-5 0
1414.7 0.195 1.200 1.556 1E-5 0
1614.7 0.241 1.221 1.397 1E-5 0
1814.7 0.288 1.242 1.280 1E-5 0
2214.7 0.375 1.278 1.095 1E-5 0
2614.7 0.465 1.320 0.967 1E-5 0
3014.7 0.558 1.360 0.848 1E-5 0
3414.7 0.661 1.402 0.762 1E-5 0
3814.7 0.770 1.447 0.691 1E-5 0 /
PMAX
4500 /
0
dP
o
C =–
When calculating the undersaturated
region, ECLIPSE assumes:
0
dP
dB
dµ o
µ
v
o
B C =
Live Oil Behavior Modeling
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11/25/2023 238

p gg + R v p og
B g
p gr
=
V gg
V gr
B g
=
V gg
V og
R v
=
Bg (formation volume
factor):
Rv (amount of surface oil vaporized in reservoir
gas):
Subscripts:
gr = reservoir gas
og = surface oil
from reservoir gas
gg = surface gas
from reservoir gas
Gas EoS in Black-Oil Model surfac
e
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11/25/2023 239
reservoi
r

• PVT data for dry gas
• PVT data for wet gas
Reservoir Gas Behavior Modeling
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11/25/2023 240

PVZG
--Temp
150 /
--P Z Mu
400 1.22 0.0130
1200 1.30 0.0140
2000 1.34 0.0150
2800 1.50 0.0160
3600 1.55 0.0170
4000 1.70 0.0175 /
RVCONST
--Rv Pd
0.0047
RVVD
400 /
--D Rv
5000 0.0047
6000 0.0050 /
Dry Gas Behavior Modeling (1)
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PVDG
--P Bg Mu
1214 13.947 0.0124
1414 7.028 0.0125
1614 4.657 0.0128
1814 3.453 0.0130
2214 2.240 0.0139
2614 1.638 0.0148
3014 1.282 0.0161 /
RVCONST
--Rv Pd
0.0047
RVVD
1214 /
--D Rv
5000 0.0047
6000 0.0050 /
Dry Gas Behavior Modeling (2)
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11/25/2023 242

PVTG
-- Pg Rv Bg Mu
60 0.00014 0.05230 0.0234 /
120 0.00012 0.01320 0.0252 /
180 0.00015 0.00877 0.0281 /
240 0.00019 0.00554 0.0318 /
300 0.00029 0.00417 0.0355 /
360 0.00049 0.00357 0.0392 /
/
560 0.00060 0.00356 0.0393 /
Wet Gas Behavior Modeling
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B
w
p ws
p wr
=
Wher
e
V ws
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11/25/2023 244
V wr
B w
=
Water EoS in Black-Oil Model

Surface densities are
specified by DENSITY and
GRAVITY.
1st
Stage
Separat
or
2nd
Stage
Separat
o r
Oil & Water at
reservoir conditions
Compresso
r
Stock Tank
Water
Treatm
e nt
x
x
x
p wr
=
p gg + R v p
og
B g
p ws
B w
p gr =
B
o
p oo + R s pgo
p or =
Reference Densities
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11/25/2023 245

• Rock Compressibility
• ECLIPSE adjusts the pore volume using:
Cell Bulk Volume is constant and
equal to Pore Volume + Rock Volume
Rock Compressibility
 Vpore

6P
( 6Vpore

C =






(
2
) + ref

ref
ref
pore
pore
(C ( P – P ) )2

(P )1 + C ( P
– P
V (P )=
V

Used to calculate the
initial saturation for
each phase in each cell
Used to calculate the initial
transition zone saturation of
each phase
Used to calculate fluid
mobility to solve the
flow equations
between cells and from
cell to well
3
Relative permeability
and capillary pressure
are functions with
respect to fluid
saturation.
Saturation Functions

Oil Water Relative Permeability
SOWCR
(1 - Sw)
SWCR
SWL
+
Krow
Kro
SWU
▪ SWL: connate water saturation
▪ SWCR: critical water saturation
▪ SWU: maximum water saturation
▪ SOWCR: critical oil-water saturation
▪ SGL: connate gas saturation
▪ SGCR: critical gas saturation
▪ SGU: maximum gas saturation
▪ SOGCR: critical oil-gas saturation
Gas Oil Relative Permeability
SOGCR
(1 - Sg) SGU
SGL
Krg
Krog
Saturation Endpoints
11/25/202
3
+
SGCR
Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering -
HCMUT
153

SWOF
--Sw Krw Krow Pcwo
0.1510 0.0000 1.0000 400.00
0.2033 0.0001 0.9788 20.40
0.3500 0.0002 0.8302 11.65
0.4000 0.0695 0.1714 3.60
0.4613 0.1049 0.0949 2.78
0.5172 0.1430 0.0511 1.93
0.5731 0.1865 0.0246 1.07
0.6010 0.2103 0.0161 0.83
0.6569 0.2619 0.0059 0.66
0.7128 0.3186 0.0015 0.38
0.8111 0.4309 0.0000 0.16
0.8815 0.4900 0.0000 0.00 /
Krog
SGOF
--Sg Krg Pcgo
0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.00
0.0400 0.0000 0.6000 0.20
0.1000 0.0220 0.3300 0.50
0.2000 0.1000 0.1000 1.00
0.3000 0.2400 0.0200 1.50
0.4000 0.3400 0.0000 2.00
0.5000 0.4200 0.0000 2.50
0.6000 0.5000 0.0000 3.00
0.7000 0.8125 0.0000 3.50
0.8490 1.0000 0.0000 3.90
/
SWL Must be
zero
These must be the
same
Must
be zero
Must be
zero
SGU = 1 - SWL
Saturation Function Data - Example

SOF3
--So
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
Krow Krog
0.000
0.000
0.089
0.008
0.253
0.064
0.354
0.125
0.586
0.343
0.854
0.729
SWFN
--Sw Krw Pcow
0.10 0.000 20.0
0.20 0.004 5.00
0.30 0.032 3.30
0.40 0.062 2.60
0.50 0.172 1.50
0.60 0.365 0.80
0.70 0.500 0.60
0.80 0.667 0.30
0.90 0.833 0.10
1.00 1.000 0.00
/
SGFN
--Sg
0.00 0.000 0.00
0.05 0.000 0.03
0.15 0.089 0.30
0.25 0.164 0.60
0.35 0.253 1.00
0.45 0.354 1.50
0.55 0.465 2.10
0.65 0.586 2.80
0.75 0.716 3.60
0.85 0.854 4.50
0.90 1.000 5.50
/
Must be
zero
Must be zero
Krg
Pcog
0.90 1.000
1.000
/
Must be the
same
SOILmax = 1 - SWL
Saturation Function Data – Example (cont’d)

▪ ECLIPSE default model is a weighted
sum:
▪ Other options in ECLIPSE
– Modified STONE 1
– Modified STONE 2
1-So-SWL
SWL So
WATER
OIL
GAS
Uses Krog table
Uses Krow
table
1
3-Phase Oil Relative Permeability
Sg krog + (Sw –
SWL )krow Sg + Sw
– SWL
kro
=
Sg
Sg + Sw –SWL
w
Sg + Sw –SWL
S –SWL
1-So
Sg + Sw – SWL = 1 – So –
SWL

The SOLUTION is used to define the initial state of every cell in the model
▪ Initial pressure and phase
saturation
▪ Initial solution ratios
▪ Depth dependence of
reservoir fluid properties
▪ Oil and gas re-solution
rates
▪ Initial analytical aquifer
conditions
SOLUTION Section

▪ Equilibration - initial pressures and saturations are
computed by ECLIPSE using data entered with the EQUIL
keyword
▪ Restart - initial solution may be read from a Restart file
created by an earlier run of ECLIPSE
▪ Enumeration- initial solution is specified by the user
explicitly for every grid block
ECLIPSE Initialization Options

• Sets the contacts and pressures for conventional hydrostatic
equilibrium
• EQUIL items are interpreted differently depending on the phases
present
• May have more than one equilibration region (see EQLDIMS)
EQUIL
-- D
P
7000
4000
OWC Pcow
7150 0
GOC Pcog RSVD/PBVD
1* 1* 1*
RVVD/PDVD
1*
N
0 /
EQUIL Keyword

1. Given: Contacts, Datum and Pressure
Pressure
Dept
h
OWC
(Pcow = 0)
GOC
EQUIL
--D P
3500 4000 7150
OWC Pcow GOC Pcog
0 3500
0
/
Datu
m
TZ
TZ
2
Equilibration
2. Using BO EOS, calculate
phase pressures throughout the
model, for example:
h 2
P o ( h 2 ) = P o ( h 1 ) +  p o
gdh
h 1

The SCHEDULE section is used to specify
▪ Well operations to be simulated
▪ Times (TSTEP, DATES) to be simulated
▪ Simulator tuning parameters
SCHEDULE Section

Introduces new well and specifies some of its general data. A well must be
introduced with this keyword before it can be referenced in any other
keyword
WELSPECS
--nm grp I J refD phase drad
P1 G 2 2 1* OIL -1 /
P21 G 8 1 1* OIL -1 /
I20 G 20 1 1* WAT -1 /
/
Well Specification: WELLSPECS

--nm I J Ku Kl status sat CF Dwell Kh S
P1 2* 1 10 OPEN 1* 1* 0.583 /
P21 2* 1 10 SHUT 1* 1* 0.583 /
I20 2* 1 5 AUTO 1* 1* 0.583 /
/
2
• Used to specify the position and properties of one or more
well completion
COMPDAT
Completion Specifications: COMDAT

DATES
1 JAN 1998 / Advance to 12.00 am on 1/1/98
1 JUN 1998 / Advance to 12.00 am on 1/6/98
TSTEP
1 / Advance to 12.00 am on 2/6/98
TSTEP
0.2 / Advance by 0.2 days
END Conclude simulation
Simulation Advance & Termination

• To send output to the PRT file:
– RPTSCHED
• Can request many properties to be output
• To send output to Restart file(s )
– RPTRST
• Can request many properties to be output
• Can specify the frequency of output
• Can be used for Restart runs & 3D post-processors
Output Control

Consider a 2-phase (oil,water) reservoir model having 5x5x3 cells (in X,Y,Z directions,
respectively). The cell sizes are 500ft x 500ft x 75ft, respectively and the depth of
reservoir top structure is 8,000ft. A production well (named as PROD) was drilled at
location (x,y)=(1,1) through the whole reservoir thickness. An injection well (named as INJ)
was drilled at location (x,y)=(5,5) through the whole reservoir thickness. Both wells were
completed by perforations in the entire reservoir thickness, starting from the depth of 8,000ft.
The reservoir has 3 layers whose permeability in X,Y,Z directions are:
Layer Kx Ky Kz
1 200 150 20
2 1000 800 100
3 200 150 20
Practice

Practice – Grid Model

PVT fluid properties:
Densities at surface conditions are:
The oil FVF and viscosity are provided as follows:
Well PROD has the predefined production rate of 10,000 STB/d (in both oil and
water). Well INJ has the injection flow rate of 11,000 STB/d of water.
Oil
lb/ft3
Water
lb/ft3
Gas
lb/ft3
49 63 0.01
Pressure
(psi)
Oil FVF
(lb/ft3)
Oil Viscosity
(cP)
300 1.25 1.0
800 1.20 1.1
6000 1.15 2.0
Practice

Sw Krw Kro
Capillary
press. (psi)
0.25 0.00 0.90 4.0
0.50 0.20 0.30 0.8
0.7 0.40 0.10 0.2
0.80 0.55 0.00 0.1
Practice
At a pressure of 4,500 psia, the water FVF (Bw) is 1.02 bbl/STB, the
compressibility (cw) is 3 x 10-6 psi-1 and the viscosity (µw). Ignoring the
viscosibility (dµw/dp). The rock compressibility at a pressure of 4,500 psia is 4 x
10-6 psi-1. Water and oil relative permeability data and capilary pressures are
given as below:
0.8 cP

Initial conditions: The oil field is set up to predict
performance from first oil with an initial pressure of 4,500
psia at the depth of 8,000 ft. The water-oil contact is at
8,200 ft, 50 ft below the bottom of the model. The initial
water saturation is 0.25.
Practice

Practice for petroelum reservoir simulation using Eclipse Software

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