Psychometric Tests (Client Guide)

Supporting Selection and Development

User’s guide to applying
psychometric assessments within
your organisation

This guide will help line managers and HR professionals to understand how
assessments work and to appreciate the important role these can play in
assessing individuals fairly and objectively for recruitment, personal
development, team development and re-structuring. It contains useful hints
and tips to help you make the best use of these powerful tools.
We have a related guide for candidates to help them prepare for psychometric
assessments; please contact us via info@informedassessment.co.uk to receive
this.

web: www.InformedAssessment.co.uk telephone: 0845 606 6798


What are psychometric exercises and how do they work?

The term „psychometric‟ literally means “measurement of the mind”.

Psychometric assessments are standardised exercises which compare the
responses from the participant taking the exercise with those derived from lots of
other people with similar backgrounds to themselves.

The results show how close or far apart the individual‟s results are from the
majority of other responses previously obtained, in carefully controlled conditions,
by the exercise publisher.

They can provide important information on job-relevant competencies, skills and
behaviours. Over many years psychometric assessments have been refined and
developed to make them ever more accurate and objective as measurement
tools.

The most commonly used psychometric exercises for recruitment, assessment,
development and re-structuring include:

Personality questionnaires
Motivation and values questionnaires
Ability tests
Managerial / situational judgment tests.
The key of course is, as with any measurement tool, to pick an exercise
appropriate to the required task.

In recruitment, psychometric exercises are often used for screening out
candidates, to save time and money later in the process, before or in conjunction
with the interviewing stage.

Sometimes psychometric assessments are used alongside, or shortly after, the
final interview stage, if an organisation cannot decide between two or more
candidates or if an organisation wants to know more about their final chosen
candidate(s).

They can help organisations “benchmark” internal candidates against external
candidates, or those who might have very different educational backgrounds or
indeed speak different languages across international sample groups.

Organisations can use assessments to pull together high-performing teams which
have a balance of complementary skills. The assessments can also help team



members gain insights into the team‟s overall strengths and “blind-spots”.
Assessments can help individuals understand themselves better and can be used
for personal development planning, career coaching and counselling.

More about personality questionnaires................
What are they?

Personality questionnaires explore an individual‟s style – their typical approach to
different tasks and situations.

What can personality questionnaires be used for?

Personality questionnaires are mostly used for recruitment, coaching, personal
and team development.

They can also be used to profile a whole team, and to help the team see its
collective strengths and blind-spots.

What do personality questionnaires look like?

They come in two main formats:

 Those which give lots of statements about working life and ask whether
you agree or disagree with each of the statements in turn. An example
might be: “I enjoy leading meetings”
 Those which give blocks of statements, and you have to pick ONE
statement which is most like you, and ONE which is least like you.

An example block of statements might be:

Pick ONE Most like Pick ONE least like
I look forward to the future with
optimism
I am a creative problem-solver

I am competitive in everything I do



More about motivation and values questionnaires................

What are they?

Motivation and values questionnaires explore factors such as what individuals
believe in and what gives them energy at work; and what type of tasks, situations,
organisational context and reward factors make them put in either more or less
effort.

What can motivation questionnaires be used for?

Because they explore an individual‟s motivators, de-motivators and values, the
impact on an individual‟s drive and what satisfaction they might get out of a role,
they can be particularly useful in coaching, counselling, careers guidance and
career management support.

They are also used in a range of recruitment applications, including sales roles, to
ensure the role / organisation will give the individual what they are looking for, as
well as to help the relevant line manager get the best out of the individual.

They are also useful for exploring retention and staff turnover issues.

What do motivation questionnaires look like?

An example statement might be:

Pick ONE: Makes Makes Has no Motivates Motivates
me me work effect on me to work me to work
work a a little my efforts a bit a lot
lot less less hard harder harder
hard
Having to
follow
detailed
procedures
and
processes
at work....



More about ability tests...........

What are they?

Ability tests measure a wide range of specific abilities and come in different levels
of difficulty.

Such tests are used for exploring an individual‟s cognitive abilities; and how
quickly and accurately they will be able to process, interpret, understand or
analyse information.

What can ability tests be used for?

Tests are widely used in recruitment but can also be helpful in development
contexts and for identifying training needs.

For supervisory, graduate, managerial and professional roles, these tests often
include verbal reasoning, numerical reasoning and inductive reasoning:

 Verbal reasoning tests look at a person‟s ability to derive the correct
inference or conclusion from verbally presented information
 Numerical reasoning tests look at a person‟s ability to derive the correct
conclusion from numerically presented information found typically in the
form of graphs, charts and tables of figures
 Inductive reasoning tests look at a person‟s ability to solve problems in a
logical and systematic way. These tests often involve symbolic material
and shapes-based questions.

For administrative and clerical roles, these tests can include clerical checking,
basic word usage and numerical calculation skills.

For skilled, craft and technician roles, these tests can include understanding
instructions, mechanical reasoning, spatial awareness and fault finding.

They are normally timed and have right and wrong answers.

What do ability tests look like?

Here are some examples of verbal, numerical and inductive questions from a
graduate and managerial test series, published by SHL:



Reproduced with kind permission from SHL
© SHL www.shlgroup.com

More about situational judgment tests.................

What are they?

Typically these exercises contain a selection of job-relevant situations or
scenarios targetted at a specific level of role (Senior Management or Graduate
etc.) or specific type of role (Customer Service or Administrative etc.).

The participant is then presented with a series of possible options or actions to
the problem, and has to rate how effective or ineffective each proposed action
might be.



The participant‟s choices of ratings are compared to those of an expert panel,
previously collated, to see how similar to or far apart these are. The closer the
participant‟s ratings are to those of the expert panel, the stronger they score.

What can situational judgment tests be used for?

They are used for both recruitment and development.

They are being increasingly used at the executive and managerial levels; as well
as for roles likely to produce higher candidate responses levels such as graduate
and customer-facing roles.

Some of the exercises are designed specifically for recruitment screening; others
for later stages in the selection process or for development, based upon
competency-based outputs and scores.

Those exercises which explore managerial judgment are particularly useful if an
organisation is planning to place a person in a managerial role for the first time.

What do situational judgment tests look like?

Here is an example of a situational judgment exercise question, published by
Pearson Education / talentlens.co.uk:



© Pearson Education Ltd: source http://www.talentlens.co.uk/select/iris.aspx

How are psychometric exercises administered?

Traditionally this was via a paper-and-pencil format with a qualified administrator
introducing and explaining the test process and invigilating as the exercises are
taken.

This still occurs, but online assessment is becoming more and more widespread.

Sometimes the exercises can be completed online remotely at a time and place
of a participant‟s choosing (such as at home). On other occasions they might be
invited to take the exercises on a PC at the client‟s premises, or possibly even at
a recruitment consultant‟s premises.

Tests completed online in an uncontrolled setting such as at home can be
followed up by a re-testing process to help guard against cheating.



What do the outputs look like?

Psychometric outputs come in many different formats, depending upon the
particular exercise being used, the context of the assessment (recruitment,
development etc) and who is using the information (a candidate, line manager, or
experienced assessment user who has been trained in the product etc).

Please feel free to contact us on 0845 606 6798 or via
info@informedassessment.co.uk to see some example outputs and reports.

How robust are the exercises – do they really work?

Well-designed, well-administered exercises provide very objective and accurate
information on an individual‟s strengths and development areas.

There are many exercises and assessments available but high-quality exercises
should perform well against two key technical measures which in particular
underpin all measurement tools:

Reliability – this is a measure of consistency and of stable measurement. For
example, a speedometer on a car with low reliability would show a speed that
keeps changing for no reason.

Validity – this is a measure that the test is actually measuring what it purports to
measure. For example, a rev counter in a car should be a valid measure of
engine revs, but it would not be a valid measure of car speed – as the engine can
be made to rev while not moving.



The test publisher or the Consultant using the assessments should be able to
source clear reliability and validity evidence for the exercises. A good source of
accessible, independent reviews can also be found at the British Psychological
Society‟s website:

http://www.psychtesting.org.uk/test-registration-and-test-reviews/test-reviews-
and-test-registration_home.cfm

We want to use (or have been using) psychometric assessments for
recruitment. How can we apply assessments as fairly, accurately and
objectively as possible?

√ Use exercises which meet high-quality standards of reliability, validity and
other technical criteria

√ The exercises must be clearly relevant to the job and person specification
criteria and be pitched at an appropriate level of difficulty

√ Use comparison groups which are relevant and as up-to-date as possible; are
appropriate to the role being assessed; and as balanced and representative as
possible of the broader candidate population in terms of gender and ethnic group
mix etc

√ Make sure the candidate is thoroughly briefed about the need to undertake the
assessments and is motivated and committed to doing the exercises properly –
this is particularly the case if the candidate is being asked to take the exercises
online and in an uncontrolled environment such as at home. If not briefed
properly, candidates can tend to leave online assessments to the last minute, or
do them late at night when they are tired, rush the exercises, miss preparation
opportunities, or, worse still, be tempted to get their friends to help them.
Consider re-assessing the individual later in the recruitment process in a fully
controlled setting such as your offices

√ Give the candidate time and scope to prepare and to practice for the
assessment process – see the Appendix for some useful websites for candidates
to explore



√ If the candidate is taking the assessments in your premises, make sure that
the environment is well-lit and is free from interruptions, noise and distractions. In
good time before the candidate arrives, make sure that any online technology is
working properly to avoid any potential disruptions to the assessment process
itself

√ Whether completing assessments online at home or in your offices, check
beforehand if the candidate has any special requirements requiring adjustments
to be made to the assessment process, and explore with the individual what
specific adjustments should then be made

√ Consider the assessment results in the context of what else you know about
the individual; assessment results work best when combined with other well-
designed exercises such as an interview or other sources of relevant evidence
about the individual

√ Do not place an inappropriate emphasis upon test results in particular - they
are estimates of ability and the scores are not the be-all and end-all. As a
general guideline, the more complex the level of analytical skill and problem
solving required for a role, then the more important the test score(s) becomes

√ If considering a candidate who achieves a lower test score for a role where
more complex analytical / problem solving is required, you may want
correspondingly greater confidence in their “technical” skills / knowledge,
personality or motivation attributes, all of which would be obtained from other
aspects of the recruitment process. You may also wish to use the interview
process to see if this evidence corroborates the findings of the test(s)

√ Relate the scores obtained to the job and person specification. Be very
careful using tests as “cut-offs” – you will need to have clear evidence of why the
cut-off was chosen at that level if challenged

√ Offer feedback to the individuals on their assessment results. Whether
successful or unsuccessful in their applications, they need to be taking away a
good impression of your organisation

√ Analyse all of the test results achieved and gather any candidate feedback
about your assessment process. To avoid falling foul of employment law, you



should be on your guard for test results that show signs of any skew against, for
example, particular ethnic or gender groups, particularly if you are then using the
test scores in any kind of selection cut-off process. Make ongoing improvements
or refinements to your test usage policy and processes in order to get the best out
of your psychometric assessments and tests.

About Informed Assessment

In essence, we help our clients to arrive at informed, objective decisions about
whom to appoint - and how to help those people to develop - through the use of
fair and rigorous selection processes and assessment exercises and activities.

Informed Assessment specialises in:

Assessment for selection - using online psychometric assessment, face-to-
face psychometric assessment and Assessment Centre techniques

Assessment for development – helping individuals and teams to develop
through facilitating Development Centres and team development
programmes

Associated training in such areas as recruitment and selection skills.

For more information please contact us on 0845 606 6798 or via
info@informedassessment.co.uk



Test taker’s guide to some useful websites

There are some useful websites for test takers to check out on the internet. Also
use Google and enter words like “psychometric”, “psychometrics” and “aptitude
tests” to keep abreast of relevant new sites.

http://www.shl.com
Click on “try a test” (on the right of the screen) and follow the options.

http://morrisby.com
Click on “Practice questions” under “Individuals” for a sequence of practice tests
covering different ability areas.

http://psychometrics.co.uk
This website has a comprehensive download giving verbal and numerical test
practice questions. Click on “Practice psychometric tests”.

http://www.aptitudeonline.co.uk
This site provides graduate level verbal, numerical and diagrammatic test
questions but you may need to pay a fee.

http://psychometric-success.com
This website also has plenty of information plus free, downloadable practice tests
as well as test questions to buy.

http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/psychotests.htm
This is a University site so the exercises are of graduate level.

http://www.savilleconsulting.com/products/aptitude_preparationguides.aspx
There are several downloadable guides available on preparing for verbal,
numerical and diagrammatic tests.


Psychometric Tests (Client Guide)

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