Presentasi Discourse 5.10 a sample study - refusal
- 1. 5.10 A SAMPLE STUDY : REFUSALS www.wincompmagic.com By : Windy Citra Negara
- 2. Refusal is a face-threatening act to the listener, because it contradicts his or her expectations, and is often realized through indirect strategies. refusal occurs when a speaker directly or indirectly says “no” to a request or invitation.
- 3. Their study is about how the conversation analysis literature says that people typically refuse offers According to Kitzinger and Frith, they provide about the conversation analysis and other data sources to examine what speakers say and the reason why they can say it.
- 4. Example A : Why don’t you come up and see me some [time B: [I would like to There is no delay in this conversation, because the acceptanse starts before the offer is completed. The word “I would like to” uses direct speech
- 5. Sometimes we say like this : “I wish I could make it to the party, but I have a lot of work to do” This is actually communicating actions of refusals Under the correct circumstances, a speaker can express things like refusals. But we can also perform communicative actions without directly saying it.
- 6. For example, to realize a refusal, someone may not always say: “I can't go to your party, I have a lot of work to do” Directly refuse Instead, we can perform the same action indirectly. So, if someone says: “I wish I could make it to the party, but I have a lot work to do” Indirectly refuse The whole utterance can be understood as a refusal without directly express the action of refusal.
- 7. THE OTHER EXAMPLE A : Uh if you’d care to come and visit a little while this morning I’ll give you a cup of coffee B : hehh Well that’s awfully sweet of you. I don’t think I can make it this morning.. Hh uhm I’m running an ad in the paper and-and uh I have to stay near the phone. The example above, Kitzinger and Frith interviewed women who talked about having refused unwanted sex In this case, it required much more conversational work than just a simple “no” because it is not sufficient and necessary to be heard
- 8. Sometimes in refusal, there are some points to be known An outbreath as a delay (hehh) Reason for the refusal (I’m running an ad in the paper and-and uh I have to stay near the phone) A preface (Well that’s awfully sweet of you) Before it gets to the reason of the refusal A further delay (hh uhm) Hedged (I don’t think I can make it this morning)
- 9. • From the example before just saying “no” was not enough for a refusal in that kind of situation, if many delays or answers that do not fit and proper, then the listener can be wrong interpreted it if the speaker accepted his request.
- 10. Conclusion So, to express refusal by just saying “no” is not good and necessary to be heard by the hearer. And refusal in indirectly is better and polite to be heard. And also the hearer can understand our reason of our refusal.