Presentation 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10
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1. The document provides an overview of the catalytic reforming process, including feed preparation, the platform process, process variables, and chemistry involved. 2. It discusses catalyst deactivation factors like poisoning, fouling, and thermal degradation. Methods for catalyst regeneration like coke removal through pyrolysis and combustion are also presented. 3. Troubleshooting tips are given for various process issues like low naphthenic feedstock, sulfur contamination, high chlorides, and excess water contamination. The document outlines steps to identify the root cause and remedy such problems.
Presentation 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10
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- 2. 2 Made by :- Salah_Eldin Mohammed Ibrahim 12012083 Abd_Elrahman Khalid Ramadan Mohammed 12012057 Ahmed Essam El_sayed El_sayed 12012106 Moutaz Bellah Anwar Ibrahim 12012226 Mohammed Essam Gamil Hassan 12012202 Mohammed Mousa Abd-Elmaboad Ali 22013122 Ahmed Salah Ahmed El_Sayed 12012102 Hadeer Ashraf Fahmy 12012062 Supervisor:- Dr. Eng. Prof/ Mohammed saad
- 3. 3 Agenda *Introduction To Refining process *Overview of refining of petroleum *Conversion processes *Types of reforming processes *feed perparation *Platform process *process variables *chemistry of catalytic reforming *Catalyst deactivation and generation *Troubleshooting of catalytic reforming
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- 5. *Introduction To Refining process 5
- 6. 6 • History of Refining Crude Oil. • Timeline – Global Petroleum Industry. • Summary of the history of refining processing. • The top countries in oil producing.
- 7. Overview of refining of petroleum 7
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- 11. Types of reforming processes 11
- 13. Aim of catalytic reforming 13
- 14. * Typical naphtha feed stock : * Typical heavy naphtha feed stock : 14
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- 17. * Naphtha hydrotreating : It is the first step in catalytic reforming used to prepare clean feed stock to protect Catalyst used in naphtha reforming . * Purpose of naphtha hydrotreating process Is to remove various catalyst poison such as : Sulphur , nitrogen , oxygen , halogen , etc …. 17
- 18. Platform process 1-process description 2-feed and product 18
- 20. 1- Reactor Pressure : 2 - Reactor Temperature : 3 - Space Velocity : 4 - Hydrogen (H2) /Hydrocarbon Molar (HC) Ratio 5 - Charge/ feed stock Properties or characteristics 6 - Catalyst Selectivity : 6 - a) Catalyst Activity and Stability 6 - b) CatalysDifferent 20
- 21. chemistry of catalytic reforming 21
- 22. The four major REACTIONS IN CATALYTIC REFORMING Desirable • Dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics • Isomerisation of paraffins and naphthenes • Dehydrocyclisation of paraffins to aromatics Non-Desirable • Hydrocracking of paraffins to lower molecular weight compounds 22
- 23. Conditions for Different Reforming Reactions TemperaturPressureReaction High temperatureLow pressureDehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics IndeterminateIndeterm-inateIsomerisation of naphthenes High temperatureLow pressureDehydrocylistion of paraffins to aromatics High temperatureHigh pressureHydrocracking 23
- 24. Catalyst deactivation and regeneration 24
- 25. 25 CATALYST DEACTIVATION/POISONING :- Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst caused by exposure to a range of chemical compounds. FACTORS CAUSING DEACTIVATION :- •High temperature exposure: automobile catalytic converter, close to 1000 C •Poisoning: exhaust or process contaminants adsorbing onto or blocking active sites •Attrition and erosion of the wash coat from the support.
- 26. 26 TYPES OF POISONING :- 1-SELECTIVE-POISONING . 2-NONSELECTIVE-POISONING. Deactivation by Fouling :- form of fouling Generally fouling covers all phenomena where the surface is covered with a deposit. Catalytic Fouling:- Fouling is a real life issue that takes place during chemical processes. The deposit of unwanted materials on a surface is defined as fouling, and affects how a chemical process proceeds. Fouling adds a layer of organic, inorganic or even living organisms to the surface which affects the properties of the catalyst and the mechanism of the process Chemical Deactivation – Poisoning :- Poisoning occurs when there is a strong chemical interaction of reactants, products, or impurities with active sites on the catalyst surface.
- 27. 27 Deactivation by Thermal Degradation and Sintering For a catalyst to be effective it must have an effective interface with the reactants, thus heterogeneous catalysts are prepared with high surface areas Removal ways :- Coke Removal General Mechanism of Coke Removal Specifically the coke undergoes several different processes during removal: 1- Pyrolysis 2- Combustion 3- Gasification 4- addition The following equation describes the reversible gas phase water gasshif Treaction:-
- 28. Troubleshooting of catalytic reforming 28
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- 31. * 1-charge stock less naphthenic * 2-sulfur contamination * 3-high chloride * 4-high water * None * Eliminate source * Do not increase reactor inlet temperature *Reduce chloride injection * Reduce water injection and eliminate source of excess water 31
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