Hemodialysis is a treatment performed by dialysis technicians to remove salt, excess water, and waste from patients' bodies whose kidneys are no longer functioning properly. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy uses sound waves to treat musculoskeletal conditions and is FDA-approved for plantar fasciitis and tennis elbow. Catheterization involves inserting a thin flexible tube called a catheter through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine, originating from the ancient Greek practice of inserting hollow tubes.