![References
http://sociology.about.com/od/Profiles/p/Erving Goffman.htm
http://www.blackwood.org/Erving.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erving_Goffman
http://www.slideshare.net/nadiamireles/erving-goffman-
dramaturgical-approach-presentation
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072817186/student_view0/c
hapter10/chapter_summary.html
Goffman, Erving (1959 [1971]), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.
Bruce, S and Yearley, S (2006), The Sage Dictionary of Sociology.
London: Sage](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationgoffman-141223055728-conversion-gate02/85/Presentation-goffman-22-320.jpg)
Presentation goffman
- 1. 1922 _ 1982 Presentor: Melika Rajabi micro sociologist
- 2. Born in 1922 in Mannville, Alberta From Ukrainian Jewish parents From 1937 Goffman attended St. John's Technical High School in Winnipeg In 1939 he enrolled at the University of Manitoba, majoring in chemistry Early 1940s – first encountours with sociology (Dennis Wrong) He interrupted his studies and moved to Ottawa to work in the film industry 1945 – BA in sociology and anthropology graduated at University of Toronto 1949 – MA 1951 _ PhD in sociology 1952 married Angelica Choate
- 3. 1958 Became a faculty member at the University of California in Berkley 1959 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life •He used the imagery of the theater to portray the importance of human and social action 1961 Asylum: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates • examined the nature and effects of being hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital 1962 Full professor 1964 His wife commited suicide 1968 Received Benjamin Franklin Chair in Sociology and anthropology at the university of Pennsylvania 1971 & 1974 Relations in Public (his ideas about everyday life, seen from a sociological perspective Frame Analysis (The study of the organization of social experiences) 1981 73rd president of American Sociological Association Forms of Talk (includes five essays Each addresses both verbal and nonverbal communication through a sociolinguistic model) Goffman married sociolinguist Gillian Sankoff. The following year, their daughter Alice was born
- 4. He was influenced by: Herbert Blumer Lloyd Warner
- 5. Goffman’s Prominent Theories •Dramaturgy •Self •Impression management •Interaction order •Total institutions •Symbolic interactions -Emphasises the conscious involvement of the actor in social life -Recognises that social contact is meaningful -Identifies the need for understanding action in social situations •Social stigma: an attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way: it causes an individual to be mentally classified by others in an undesirable, rejected stereotype rather than in an accepted, normal one. •Roles •Gender
- 6. GOFFMAN, ERVING (1922–82) the best known and most accessible micro sociologist. Goffman’s approach centered on his analysis of dramaturgy a view of social life as a series of dramatic performances, and he was interested in how the self is shaped by the dramatic interactions between social actors and their audiences. Basic unit of analysis team any set of individuals who cooperate in staging a single act or routine. the ways in which people routinely monitor the presentation of their selves – almost like actors on a stage – in social situations.
- 7. Stigma when there is a gap between a person's virtual social identity and actual social identity. emerges Frames rules that constrain social action and function to organize experience. Central theme impression management The techniques that social actors use to maintain particular images of themselves when they encounter problems during interactions We control the view the audience have of us because we are worried what they will think of us
- 8. Goffman's Books The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life 1959 Asylum 1961 Relations in public 1971 Frame analysis 1974 Forms of Talk 1981
- 9. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Life is a dramatic performance for us We ‘perform’ for others. We present a kind of ‘act’ to them. We perform differently in different situations - and the world is our ‘stage. “Life itself is a dramatically enacted thing”
- 10. In social interactions, humans are actors on a stage playing a performance for an audience. The only time that individuals can be themselves and get rid of their role or identity in society is backstage where no audience is present. “The World is like a stage” No matter where you are, you always “put a mask” to get where you want and to be part of something.
- 11. Politeness developed by Brown and Levinson, who extended Goffman's dramaturgical approach by proposing a heuristic of politeness strategies people use to manage face-threatening acts Face: How people manage their public identities. Goffman Facework: The process by which people maintain face Impression Management/ Self Presentation Face Lose face: To have one's face invalidated by others Have face: To have it sanctioned When in the presence of others, one's face is always on display and others will form impressions and respond to these impressions Cooperative mechanism Interaction order
- 12. BACK STAGE OR REGION In Erving Goffman’s dramaturgy Back stage Front stage Ex: In a restaurant, the kitchen is the back stage area in which waiters can joke, mock customers and toy with the food. When they come through the door into the restaurant’s front stage, they are supposed to slip effortlessly into the controlled performance of the attentive waiter.
- 13. We present ‘ourselves’ in six different ways: Persona Performance staging teams role Personal style
- 14. Persona “The aspect of someone’s character that is presented to or perceived by others” or “a role or character adopted by an author or an actor” The different personality ‘masks’ we wear in different situations, for different people. Formal: Job interviews, meetings These could include Informal: Being surrounded by friends, Family: Parent, child, sibling, long distant relative, etc. Ex: For instance, the way we behave with our family on a picnic is different to how we would behave with prisoners if we worked as a Prison Warden.
- 15. Performance This refers to how we wear our persona or personality mask. for example: we could be deadly serious or likewise laugh with joy. Performance describes the extent to which the core self is engaged in the act of self presentation. We might be ‘sincere’ in how we behave. We are honest in what we say and do. or We might be ‘cynical’ – and not really believe in our performance.
- 16. Staging/ Dramaturgy Goffman insinuated that people could use their surroundings when ‘staging’ our performance of our personae. What do we need for our ‘performance’? 1. A physical locations. 2. Props/objects. 3. Costume/uniform. These form the context for our performance.
- 17. Teams The group of people we associated in a social interaction or likewise support in an event/ circumstance1 Goffman’s suggested that our teams’ are the company we enlist or support; our friends and fellow actors
- 18. Role‘The function assumed or part played by a person or thing in a particular situation’. Our social role plays a massive part of the persona we give off and the way we perform. It allows us to fit into the social norms of society, through our primary and secondary socialisation. Roles could include; parent, child, sibling, friend, enemy, teacher, etc. He argued that we moved from role to role depending on who we were speaking to, especially given the fact we had to respect the social hierarchy. This refers to the individual ‘jobs’ or responsibilities we have in a ‘team’.
- 19. Personal style Personal Style takes into account our own individual styles. Rather than conforming to the social norms of a situation or group. “If we accept everything as it is, we would not leave room for individuality” Goffman argues, personal style acts as a glue that ties and supports together all the rest of the elements • Without personal style, our performance loses the chance will have no fluidity and no confidence - we would become ‘bad actors’ This is what makes you different to others
- 20. Unusual approach Unsystematic collection of his materials (Small groups) Insufficient detail to let others check his observations Avoided theory but in Frame Analysis he set out the basis for a systematic framework Short comings
- 22. References http://sociology.about.com/od/Profiles/p/Erving Goffman.htm http://www.blackwood.org/Erving.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erving_Goffman http://www.slideshare.net/nadiamireles/erving-goffman- dramaturgical-approach-presentation http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072817186/student_view0/c hapter10/chapter_summary.html Goffman, Erving (1959 [1971]), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. Bruce, S and Yearley, S (2006), The Sage Dictionary of Sociology. London: Sage