Presentation morrison policy
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This document discusses challenges smallholder farmers face in influencing national and regional policies in Uganda. It summarizes that smallholder farmers have limited involvement in policy formulation and execution, and weak ability to hold government accountable. Budget allocations favor public administration over agriculture and service delivery. The document calls for smallholder farmers to organize collectively, advocate knowledgeably for themselves, and embrace their role as market actors rather than victims to gain greater agency over policies that affect their livelihoods.
Presentation morrison policy
- 1. Small holder farmers agency in National and Regional Policies: Opportunities and challenges http://www.aft-u.org/images/slider/AFT.gif Morrison Rwakakamba Agency for Transformation (AfT) www.aft-u.org
- 2. Farmers or Diggers: The state of agriculture in Uganda: The story of Mrs. Apuli in Kamwenge
- 3. Policy environment should be understood from 3 angles; a)Formulation b) Execution and c) Monitoring Formulation: Are family farmers involved? If so at what level? Are their thoughts incorporated in the available cartel of blue prints? Execution: Are the above policy intentions translated into actions that have improve livelihood security and wellbeing of family farmers? Monitoring: Are family farmers holding government (guarantor of policy) to account? -----Dealing with the question of AGENCY--------
- 4. Policies not supporting economic interests of small-scale farmers - Inhibitive market access regime eg (for one to sell few Kilos of maize in Kenya); Certificate Access points Certificate of analysis from a Uganda Bureau of Standards and Chemipher (U) Ltd, recognized laboratory Acacia road, Kansanga off Gaba road Phyto sanitary certificate Plant Health Services (Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries) Fumigation certificate Issued by firms registered by agricultural chemicals board Certificate of Origin (EAC/COMESA) Issued by Uganda Export Promotion Board and until 2010 by The Uganda National Chamber of Commerce and Industry at UGX 3000 Certificate of conformity Issued by Uganda Bureau of Standards after the consignment has been cleared for quality ready for export.
- 5. Obstacles to small-scale producer agency in policy making Lack or ineffective use of spaces to shape policies - Example of participation in the Budget process – Is it effective? - Weak representation in the policy process - Lack of capacity for knowledge-based advocacy - Representation without agency
- 6. Democratic Budget process and ritualism! MFPED holds the first Budget Workshop: announces; Indicative Sector Ceilings, Budget & SWG Guidelines (Oct / Nov) MFPED releases the approved allocation to respective MDAs. The realised funds are MFPED holds consultative meetings SWG meetings are held: Prepare Sector BFP monitored and expenditure audited (Aug - June) with LGs: -Indicative Budget Ceilings & revised MTEF, and allocations within the & national Budget priorities ceiling (Dec/ Jan) (Nov /Dec) Parliament scrutinises the national proposal Inter-ministerial budget allocations & approves the budget – final Consultation allocations (June- Aug) (Jan / Feb) MFPED compiles a National BFP and The President delivers the Budget Speech (before updates the MTEF 15th June) (Jan / Feb) Cabinet finally approved the budget Public Expenditure Review (May /June) Meeting (April) MFPED Finalises the Budget Allocations /MTEF (April /May) President submits the NBFP to Parliament (by 1st MFPED submits the NBFP to Cabinet for April). Parliament reviews the proposals and discussion and approval of NBFP and / submits recommendations to the President MTEF ( March /April) (April/May)
- 7. Institutional weakness resulting inadequate policy implementation: -Where is the one stop center for agriculture policy in Uganda? -Policies are as numerous as institutions that run them – hence clash of mandates, duplications and wastage: Take the example of NAADS in Uganda: For example, the Auditor General’s report of 2008 reveals that only 37.1 percent of the total money spent on NAADS may be considered as useful expenditure. And yet, since the inception to June 2006, it is estimated that a total of US$ 107 million has been spent on NAADS activities (Auditor General 2008)
- 8. Evasive budget architecture • The meager allocation to agriculture sector (But is the little working?) • Burgeoning public administration cost • The new trend of supplementary budgets • Lack of effective budget monitoring
- 9. The Budget Architecture High Expenditure on Overhead than Service Delivery Trends in national budget allocations by workstream 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Service expansion Service Delivery 40% Overhead Capacity building 30% 20% 10% 0% Budget Releases Budget Releases Budget Releases Budget Releases Budget Releases Budget Releases Budget Releases Budget 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Source: Author’s Calculations based on data from MFPED.
- 10. Run-away public spending on public administration Public administration sectors took over 35% of the national Budget in 2009/10 compared to 25% in 2003/04 Trends in national budget allocations Public Admin 40% sectors (Public Admin., Parliament m PSM, Acc'ty) 35% 35% Social Sectors (Educ, health, water 30% ) 25% 25% Productive 22% (Agric, Energy, Road 20% s, Tourism, ICT) 15% 15% Security 10% 6% 5% Arrears + Interest payments 0% 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Source: Author’s Calculations based on data from MFPED.
- 11. Run-away public spending on public administration There has been tremendous growth in the budget of Parliamentary commission and State house… Trends in Budget allocations to select institutions 320,000,000 280,996,195 280,000,000 240,000,000 200,000,000 160,000,000 120,000,000 94,196,465 80,000,000 41,384,364 45,923,911 40,000,000 - 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Office of the President State House Parliamentary Commission Source: Author’s Calculations based on data from MFPED.
- 12. Regular supplementary budgets to mainly consumptions sectors Trends in Supplementary Budget Approvals (2005- 2012) Trends in Supplementary Budget Allocations per sector: Percentage 100.0 0.1 16.5 Others 22.0 6.6 80.0 32.5 21.1 Local Governments 10.2 28.2 34.8 Interest Payments 60.0 25.9 28.1 20.7 Public Admin. + PSM 36.8 6.8 Justice, Law & Order 40.0 14.6 23.1 Health 11.9 28.0 20.0 36.7 Education 24.9 17.8 15.6 Security 4.3 2.0 0.0 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Source: Author’s Calculations based on data from MFPED.
- 13. Reshaping the debate/ digging out opportunities -Farmers must stop agonizing and begin to organize for collective agency - Farmers must begin to advocate for themselves/ exercise agency - Urgent need for the knowledge-based advocacy - Urgency to harness information technology to solve problems - Small holder farmers actors in the market and not victims – The victim mentality must stop - See Nine Points ………