PRESENTATION ON PLC AND SCADA

Presentation by : Uma Kumari
Roll number :1902121070
Instrumentation and control
4th semester

PLC (Programming logic control)

Contents
 Automation
 Types of Automation
 What is PLC ?
 Need of PLC
 PLC brands and software used
 Major component of PLC
 PLC operational sequence
 Programming language of PLC
 Ladder logic
 PLC timer/counter

Contents
 TON Timer
 Time bit concept
 Advantage and Disadvantage
 Application…

Automation
 Automation is a basically the delegation of human control
function to technical equipment aimed toward achieving.
 Higher productivity.
 Superior quality of end product.
 Efficient use of energy and raw materials.
 Improved safety in working conditions.
 Replace hard physical work.
 Can perform tasks beyond human capabilities.

Types of Automation
 Building Automation
Example : lifts
 Scientific Automation
Example : Rocket launching
 Industrial Automation
Example : Automated bottle filling Stations , Steel factories
 Office Automation
Example : printers , cctv
 Light Automation
Example : street solar lightening

What is PLC?
 The term ‘PLC’ stands for programmable logic controller.
 PLC is a microprocessor based controller.
 PLC is an user friendly Industrial computer.
 It acts like an interface between field input device and field output
devices.
 PLC takes input from field input devices through input module
process it according to program through CPU and gives output to the
field output devices through output module.
 It can execute any type of process like ‘Arithmetic , logical, sequential ,
Discrete , Analog , etc…

Need of PLC
 PLC is needed so as to have the following tasks:
To reduce human effort.
To get the automation in the process.
Controlling of equipments with just one click.
To make the efficient use of digital electronics and control
system.
In the high human effort industries , PLC may help to get the
reduction in manpower and wastage of raw materials.
To reduce complex circuitry of entire system.

PLC brands and software used
 Brand name Software used
Allen-Bradley RS logix 500
Schneider Twido suite/ Twido soft
Siemens Step7 Microwin
Mitsubishi Fx1N

Components(input/output)
1) Input modules
It take input and convert signal from sensor into logic signal.
Example: switch , push button.
2) Output module
It convert control instructions a signal that can be used by actuators.
Example: lamps , alarm.
3) CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• It is the brain of PLC and governs the activities of the entire PLC system
• The CPU perform the SCAN CYCLE for PLC
• The CPU consists of the following blocks: Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
• ,internal memory of CPU, internal timer, counters
4) Memory
• Memory is the component that stores information, programs and data in a
PLC

5)Power Supply
 Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components
6)Programming device
 The programming terminals is used for programming the PLC
and monitoring/sequencing PLCs operation

PLC operation sequencer
 Self test: testing of its own
Hardware and software for
Faults.
 Input scan: if there are no
problems , PLC will copy all’
the values in to memory.
 Logic solve/scan: using
inputs the ladder logic
Program is solved once and
Outputs are updated.
 Output scan: while solving
the output values are updated
only in memory when ladder
Scan in done, the output will
be updated using temporary
Values in the memory.

Programming language of PLC
 Most common language encountered in PLC are:
1. Ladder Logic
2. Functional blocking diagram
3. Sequential function charts etc.

Ladder logic
 The ladder logic is the
oldest programming
Language for PLC
 It is well to express
combinational logic
 The main ladder logic
symbol represents the elements.

TON timer(timer on delay)
Timer
 Timer is basically used
for add some delay in
programming circuit by
adding a particular time
to each circuit.
 There are three types
 TON and TOF and
RTO.

Advantages of PLC
Reliability
Flexibility in programming and re-programming
Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
Small physical size , shorter project time.
High speed of operation.
Ability to communicate to other computer system in the
plant.
Easy to maintenance/troubleshooting.
Reduced space.
Energy saving.

Disadvantages of PLC
 PLC device are proprietary it means that part or
software of one manufacture can’t be used in combination
with part of another manufacturer.
 Initial cost are high.
 Unemployment rate increase.
 It is difficult to find error.

Applications:-
 Robots manufacturing and control.
 Food/Beverage processing.
 Machine tools.
 Materials handle.
 Conveyer system.
 Aerospace.
 Printing industry
 Textile industry
 Cleaning department etc.

SCADA
(Supervisory control and data acquisition)

Content:
What is SCADA?
Why SCADA used?
Brands of SCADA
What is TAG
Features of SCADA
Object Property
Advantages of SCADA
Disadvantages of SCADA
Application

What is SCADA?
 The term ‘SCADA’ stands for supervisory control and data
acquisition.
 SCADA is a software controller.
 It is used for monitoring and control but control does not
occurs at full level. The full level control has done through
the main controller(like PLC , DCS , PID etc.) attached to it.
 SCADA converts data from remote areas of industry
through RTU(Remote terminal unit) and the after
processing occurs.

Why SCADA used ?
 Saves time and money
 Less travelling for workers
 Reduces man power need
 Increase production and efficiency of a company
 Cost effective of power system
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control for particular system.

Brands of SCADA
 Company Name Software Name
 Wonderware Intouch 10.1
Allen Bradley Rsview/Factory talk
Siemens Win CC
GEFANUC Cimplicity
KPIT(India) Astra

TAGs
 It is address of the memory location where data being saved.
 We define a TAG in order to use it in the SCADA software(
Intouch wonderware)
 Types of TAG
1. Analog - Analog tags name works with numeric data only.
2. Discrete- Discrete tags name works with binary data. It
means it has only two states either 0 and 1.Any other value
cannot stored in this type of tags.
3. String-String type tags name can work only on alpha
numeric data. Like ‘text’ , ’ message’, ‘message’ , etc.

Features of SCADA
a) Dynamic process graphic
b) Script
c) Real time and Historical trend
d) Alarm
e) Security
f) Recipe management
g) Data base connectivity
h) Device connectivity

Dynamic process graphic
Using this features mimics developed in SCADA software
should resemble in the mimics process should have good
library of symbols so that you can develop the mimic as per
requirement.
The status of equipment running/stopping can be show
using different colours/animation.

Script
Script is the way of writing logic in SCADA software . Every
SCADA software has its own instruction and way of writing
program.
Using script one can develop complex application.
Types of script :-
1. Window script
2. Application script
3. Key script
4. Conditional script
5. Data change script
6. Quick function script

Real time and historical trend
 This facility is used to represent the data in graphical
form.
 Real time trends are dynamics. They are updated
continuously during run time with whatever time span
given in configuration. You can not scroll the real time
trends to the previous data.
 Historical trends provide you with a “snapshot” of data
from a time and date in the past. They are not dynamic
unlike real time trends historical trends are only
updated when they instructed to do so either through
the execution of quick script or an decision by the
operator.

Alarm
Every plants needs of proper monitoring and control of the
process parameters.
Alarm indicate to the operator when something goes
wrong.
Generally alarms are implemented by usually the lamps or
hooters in field but in SCADA it can be represented by using
animation.
In SCADA generally four types of alarms are used example:
HI, HIHI, LOW, LOWLOW.

Security
Every SCADA software has various level of security for
securing the application by avoiding unauthorized access.
Depending upon the access level given the
operator/engineers is allowed to do task. In most of the
cases operator are allowed only to operate the plant while
the maintenance engineers can do the application
modification.

Recipe management
In many cases we uses the same plant for manufacturing
the different product range. For example : an oil blending
plant can manufacture power oil , transformer , auto-
mobile oil.
The recipe management is facility used for maintain various
recipe for different products and implement it on the
process.
The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can be
fetched by any client server from any area to run the
process.

Data base connectivity
In many plants , it is important to download the real-time
information . In this case the database connectivity is must.
Many SCADA software don’t have their own database ,
hence for storage and reporting they use third party
database like MS access.
Wonderware InTouch provides a single view of all your
control and information resources.

Device connectivity
Every control hardware has its own communication
protocol for communicating with different
hardware/software . Some of the leading communication
protocol include Ethernet , DH485.
The SCADA software needs device driver software for
communication with PLC or other control hardware.
More the driver software available better is the device
connectivity. Most of the SCADA software used in industry
have connectivity with most of the leading control system.

Object Property
These properties are common to all symbol factory
graphical objects.
• These properties are visible only when “break cell”
operation is performed on symbol factory objects.

Advantages
The computer can record and store a very large amount of
data.
Data can be displayed at any time when user require.
The SCADA system provides on board mechanical and
graphical information.
The SCADA system ability to operate critical situations.
It provide alarm.

Disadvantages
Network security risks
Lack of trained personnel
Initial cost is high

Application
Water resources monitoring
Water chemistry monitoring
Waste water monitoring
Wind tunnel control
Fuel oil handling system
Petroleum pilot plant
Plant monitoring and process control
Nuclear plant full-scope simulators
Electric power transmission controlling
Metrological monitoring

PRESENTATION ON PLC AND SCADA

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to PRESENTATION ON PLC AND SCADA (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

PRESENTATION ON PLC AND SCADA