presentation on Sampling
- 2. SAMPLING PRESENTED BY MR.PANKAJ KUMAR JENA MSC.NURSING 1ST YEAR COLLEGE OF NURSING VIMSAR ,BURLA
- 3. INTRODUCTION… Sampling is a process of selecting representative units from an entire population of a study. Sample is not always possible to study an entire population; therefore, the researcher draws a representative part of a population through sampling process. In other words, sampling is the selection of some part of an aggregate or a whole on the basis of which judgments or inferences about the aggregate or mass is made. It is a process of obtaining information regarding a phenomenon about entire population by examining a part of it.
- 4. DEFINITION:- According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun (2012), “Sampling is the process of selecting individuals to participate in research”. According to Ary, Jacob and Rozavich (in Tejero, 2006), “sampling is the process which involves taking a part of the population making observations on these representative groups and then generalizing the findings to the bigger population”.
- 5. TERMINOLOGY USED IN SAMPLING Population: Population is the aggregation of all the units in which a researcher is interested. In other words, population is the set of people or entire to which the results of a research are to be generalized. EXAMPLE… “A researcher needs to study the problems faced by postgraduate nurses of India; in this the ‘population’ will be all the postgraduate nurses who are Indian citizen”.
- 6. CONT… Target Population: A target population consist of the total number of people or objects which are meeting the designated set of criteria. In other words, it is the aggregate of all the cases with a certain phenomenon about which the researcher would like to make a generalization. EXAMPLE… “a researcher is interested in identifying the complication of diabetes mellitus type-II among people who have migrated to Ludhiana. In this instance, the target population are all the migrants at Ludhiana suffering with diabetes mellitus type II”.
- 7. CONT… Accessible Population: It is the aggregate of cases that conform to designated criteria & are also accessible as subjects for a study. EXAMPLE… “a researcher is conducting a study on the registered nurses (RN) working in Lions General Hospital, Mehsana’. In this case, the population for this study is all the RNs working in Lions Hospital, but some of them may be on leave & may not be accessible for research study. Therefore, accessible population for this study will be RNs who meet the designated criteria & who are also available for the research study”.
- 8. CONT… Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting a representative segment of the population under study.
- 9. CONT… Sample:Sample may be defined as representative unit of a target population, which is to be worked upon by researchers during their study. In other words, sample consists of a subset of units which comprise the population selected by investigators or researchers to participates in their research project. Element: The individual entities that comprise the samples & population are known as elements, & an element is the most basic unit about whom/which information is collected. An elements is also known as subject in research. The most common element in nursing research is an individual. The sample or population depends on the phenomenon under study.
- 10. CONT… Sampling Frame: It is a list of all the elements or subjects in the population from which the sample is drawn. Sampling frame could be prepared by the researcher or an existing frame may be used. EXAMPLE… “a research may prepare a list of the all the households of a locality which have pregnant women or may used a register of pregnant women for antenatal care available with the local anganwari worker”.
- 11. CONT… Sampling Error: There may be fluctuation in the values of the statistics of characteristics from one sample to another, or even those drawn from the same population. Sampling bias: Distortion that arises when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn. Sampling plan: The formal specifying a sampling method,a sample size, and the procedure of selecting the subjects.
- 12. POPULATION TARGET POPULATION ACCESSIBLE POPULATION SAMPLE SUBJECTS SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF SAMPLING
- 13. PURPOSES OF SAMPLING Economical: In most cases, it is not possible & economical for researchers to study an entire population. With the help of sampling, the researcher can save lots of time, money, & resources to study a phenomenon. Improved quality of data: It is a proven fact that when a person handles less amount the work of fewer number of people, then it is easier to ensure the quality of the outcome. Quick study results: Studying an entire population itself will take a lot of time, & generating research results of a large mass will be almost impossible as most research studies have time limits. Precision and accuracy of data: selecting whole population will be difficult to handle than handling the information of a small portion of the population .it is easier to maintain quality of data with small samples investigation rater than selecting the whole population Better organization: Dealing with the whole population will be difficult to organize resources like time ,money, printing facilities ,vehicles ,etc .so sampling helps to overcome problem the problem of disorganization of resources and help organization of project.
- 14. CHARACTERISTICSOFGOODSAMPLE Representative Free from bias and errors No substitution and incompleteness Appropriate sample size
- 15. SAMPLING PROCESS
- 16. CONT…
- 21. SUMMARY The above topic included introduction, terminology, definition, schematic presentation purpose, characteristics sampling process and factors affecting sampling process.
- 22. CONCLUSION Sampling is important for a research project, many sampling start with a general home that something interesting will emerge and often end incrustation.
- 23. BIBLIOGRAPHY Sharma Suresh Kumar. (2011), A Text Book of Nursing Research and Statistics; 3rdedition: publish by Elsevier, India Private Limited, New Delhi; 2013: PP-145-149. Dash Bijayalaskhmi. (2017), Essentials of Nursing Research and Biostatistics.1st Ed: Jaypee Brothers and M.P (P) LTD. New Delhi; 2017, PP-155-164. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sampling.as p https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)