Presentation on soaps and detergents
- 3. Also known as Soaps Also known as Synthetic detergents.
- 4. SOAPS A soap is the sodium salt (or potassium salt) of a long chain carboxylic acid (fatty acid) which has cleansing properties in water. It is a salt of a strong base (NaOH) and a weak acid (carboxylic acid), so a solution of soap in water is basic in nature.
- 6. Sodium Stearate Sodium Palmitate
- 7. • Sodium Stearate ( C17H35COO-Na+ ) :- Sodium Stearate soap is the sodium salt of a long chain saturated fatty acid called stearic acid. Sodium stearate soap has along alkyl group (C17H35) and an ionic carboxylate group (COO-Na+).
- 8. • Sodium Palmitate (C15H31COO-Na+) :Sodium Palmitate ‘soap’ is the sodium salt of long chain saturated fatty acid called stearic acid (C15H31COOH).
- 9. A soap molecule is made up of two parts : a long hydrocarbon part and a short ionic part containing COO-Na+ group. The soap molecule is said to have a tadpole structure.
- 10. We use soaps on daily basis. Following are some uses of soaps:• Washing hands • Washing clothes • Cleaning utensils
- 11. Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. Soap is not suitable for washing clothes with hard water because of two reasons : When soap is used for washing clothes with hard water, a large amount of soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate called scum, before it can be used for the real purpose of washing . So a larger amount of soap is needed for washing clothes when the water is hard. The scum (or the curdy precipitate) formed by the action of hard water on soap, sticks to the clothes being washed and interferes with the cleaning ability of the additional soap. This makes the cleaning of clothes difficult.
- 12. Detergents are also called ‘soap-less soaps’ because they act like a soap in having the cleansing properties, they do not contain the usual ‘soaps’ like sodium stearate, etc. A detergent is the sodium salt of a long chain benzene sulphonic acid which has cleansing properties in water. CH3 (CH2)11 C6H4 SO3-Na+ (A Common Detergent) CH3 (CH2)10 CH2 S O4-Na+ (Another Detergent)
- 13. • Detergents can be used even with hard water whereas soaps are not suitable for use with hard water. • Detergents have a stronger cleansing action than soaps. • Detergents are more soluble in water than soaps.
- 14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOAPS AND DETERGENTS • Soaps are the sodium • Detergents are the salts of the long chain sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. benzene sulphonic acids. • The action of soap is • These can be use in both better when water is in hard as well as soft soft. water. • Soaps are biodegradable. • Detergents are nonbiodegradable. • More water and effort is • Less water and effort is required. required. • Detergents have a strong • Soaps have relatively cleansing action. weak cleansing action.
- 16. SUBMITTED TO MR. SATISH BHARDWAJ