![(1 )nf bf nρ ϕ ρ ϕρ= − +
,
(1 )( ) ( )
(1 )
p bf p n
p nf
bf n
c c
c
ϕ ρ ϕ ρ
ϕ ρ ϕρ
− +
=
− +
nf static Browniank k k= +
4
,5 10 ( , , )b
Brownian p bf bf n
n n
k T
k c g T d
d
ϕ ρ ϕ
ρ
= ×
Silicon [1] [2] Cuo[3] Pure-water[4] PAO[5] Ethylene Glycol[6]
µ (Pa s ) 873.6 1113
K (w/m k) 290 – 0.4T 36 76.5 0. 0305 0.00485
(j/kg k) 390 + 0.9T 765 535.6 4180 1396
ρ ( kg/ ) 2330 3970 6350 1000 2040
• The nanofluid thermal properties calculated with KKL Model](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationslides-basselalmuallim-190124134513/85/Presentation-slides-Bassel-AL-Muallim-14-320.jpg)
![Validation
• The numerical result was
validated based on the
experimental work presented by
Liu et al.[7] .
• The validation was performed
on A1 configuration by using
pure-water.
• The maximum and minimum
deviation of Nu between
numerical and experimental
were 11.5, 3.8, respectively.
Using A1 configuration with pure water](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationslides-basselalmuallim-190124134513/85/Presentation-slides-Bassel-AL-Muallim-17-320.jpg)
![[1] C. Glassbrenner, G.A. Slack, Thermal conductivity of silicon and
germanium from 3 K to the melting point, Physical Review, 134(4A) (1964)
A1058.
[2] T.L. Bergman, A.S. Lavine, F.P. Incropera, D.P. Dewitt, Fundamentals of
heat and mass transfer, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, (2011).
[3] V. Etminan-Farooji, E. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, H. Niazmand, S. Wongwises,
Unconfined laminar nanofluid flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder,
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55(5-6) (2012) 1475-1485.
[4] Y. Yue, S.K. Mohammadian, Y. Zhang, Analysis of performances of a
manifold microchannel heat sink with nanofluids, International Journal of
Thermal Sciences, 89 (2015) 305-313.
[5] K. Liu, Heat transfer measurement in oil-based nanofluids, (2011).
[6] E.G.P. Guide, MEGlobal. 2008, in.
[7] C. Liu, J.-t. Teng, J.-C. Chu, Y.-l. Chiu, S. Huang, S. Jin, T. Dang, R. Greif,
H.-H. Pan, Experimental investigations on liquid flow and heat transfer in
rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators, International
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54(13-14) (2011) 3069-3080.
• Reference](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationslides-basselalmuallim-190124134513/85/Presentation-slides-Bassel-AL-Muallim-25-320.jpg)
Presentation slides Bassel AL Muallim
- 1. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NANOFLUID FLOW EFFECT ON ENHANCING HEAT TRANSFER IN A MICROCHANNEL WITH LONGITUDINAL VORTEX GENERATOR SUPERVISOR: Professor Dr Mazlan Abdul Wahid STUDENT : Basel Al-Muallim (MKM171053)
- 2. • Introduction . • Problem statement. • Objective. • Literature review. • Methodology • Research flowchart. • Grid independency test. • Validation. • Conclusions. • Content
- 3. • Motivation In the last few decades, due to the rapid development in microelectronics and bio- and nano-technologies, the applied researches in micro-scale devices and systems have been moving at a tremendous pace.
- 4. • Problem statement •Water has a good thermal conductivity .but, not sufficient for Nano electronics cooling applications. Therefore there is a need to find alternative working fluids that has higher heat capacity for Nano electronics applications. Nanofluids, Due to their high thermal conductivity and stability have great potential to replace conventional coolants in future. •Tuckerman reported that laminar flow is the best for heat removal through microchannels, due to the development of the thin thermal boundary layer. But, in order to get higher performance this barrier must be overcomed with some surface geometry modification.
- 5. • Objectives The objectives of this are as follows: 1.To determine thermal and hydraulic performance of microchannel with various LVG configurations. 2.To determine thermal and hydraulic performance of microchannel with various nanofluids using the best LVG configuration.
- 6. • Literature review Paper title authors year High-performance heat sinking for VLSI Tuckerman DB, Pease R. 1981 Single-phase convective heat transfer in micro channels a review of experimental results. Morini GL. 2004 State of the art of high heat flux cooling technologies. Agostini B, Fabbri M, Park JE, Wojtan L, Thome JR, Michel B. 2007 Thermal and hydrodynamic analysis of microchannel heat sinks: a review. Adham AM, Mohd-Ghazali N, Ahmad R. 2013 Microchannels :
- 7. • Literature review Nanofluid : Paper title authors year Alteration of thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquid by dispersing ultra-fine particles Masuda H, Ebata A, Teramae K. 1993 Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Chol S. 1995 two-phase numerical simulation of nanofluid laminar forced convection in a microchannel. Kalteh M, Abbassi A, Saffar-Avval M, Harting J. 2011 Experimental and numerical investigation of nanofluid forced convection inside a wide microchannel heat sink. Kalteh M, Abbassi A, Saffar-Avval M, Frijns A, Darhuber A, Harting J. 2012 Investigating the heat transfer performance and thermophysical properties of nanofluids in a circular micro-channel. Sohel MR, Saidur R, Sabri MF, Kamalisarvestani M, Elias MM, Ijam A. 2013 Experimental investigation of CuO-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer inside a microchannel heat sink. Rimbault B, Nguyen CT, Galanis N. 2014 Conjugate heat transfer analysis of micro-channel using novel hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3 + Ag/Water). Nimmagadda R, Venkatasubbaiah K. 2015
- 8. • Literature review Vortex Generator: Paper title authors year The influence of vortex generators on the drag and heat transfer from a circular cylinder normal to an airstream. Johnson TR, Joubert PN. 1969 Experimental investigations on liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators. Liu C, Teng JT, Chu JC, Chiu YL, Huang S, Jin S, et al. 2011 Flow and heat transfer in microchannels with dimples and protrusions. Lan J, Xie Y, Zhang D. 2012 Heat transfer enhancement in microchannels using an elastic vortex generator. Mirzaee H, Dadvand A, Mirzaee I, Shabani R. 2012 A study on fluid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannels with various longitudinal vortex generators. Chen C, Teng JT, Cheng CH, Jin S, Huang S, Liu C, et al. 2014 Heat transfer and flow analysis of Al2O3ewater nanofluids in microchannel with dimple and protrusion. Li P, Zhang D, Xie Y. 2014
- 9. METHODOLOGY
- 12. • Boundary conditions• Different Nanofluid used in present study • Cuo-water (d=29nm) • Cuo-water (d=28.6nm) • Cuo-W:EG • Cuo-PAO • . 2 3AL O water−
- 13. Different configurations of micro-channel with LVGs Microchannel plain - - - - - - - 5H 50H 100H 4H 4H 8H 8H 30 , 30 5H 50H 100H 4H 4H 8H 8H 150 ,150 5H 50H 100H 4H 4H 8H 8H 30 , 150 5H 50H 100H 4H 4H 8H 8H 150 , 30 5H
- 14. (1 )nf bf nρ ϕ ρ ϕρ= − + , (1 )( ) ( ) (1 ) p bf p n p nf bf n c c c ϕ ρ ϕ ρ ϕ ρ ϕρ − + = − + nf static Browniank k k= + 4 ,5 10 ( , , )b Brownian p bf bf n n n k T k c g T d d ϕ ρ ϕ ρ = × Silicon [1] [2] Cuo[3] Pure-water[4] PAO[5] Ethylene Glycol[6] µ (Pa s ) 873.6 1113 K (w/m k) 290 – 0.4T 36 76.5 0. 0305 0.00485 (j/kg k) 390 + 0.9T 765 535.6 4180 1396 ρ ( kg/ ) 2330 3970 6350 1000 2040 • The nanofluid thermal properties calculated with KKL Model
- 15. • The numerical result can be illustrated in following parameters: Re in hV Dρ µ = 2 3 Pr m p h j V cρ = ( ) 2 in out wall Q h T T T = + − hhD Nu k = 2 2 h in Dp f V Lρ ∆ = × 3 j JF f = 1 3 ( )( )bf bf fNu Nu f η = Where : Re : Reynolds number , Nu :Nusselt number h :Convective heat transfer coefficient j: Colburn factor , f : Fanning friction factor JF :Overall thermal–hydraulic performance η : Thermal performance of the system
- 16. Grid independency test Number of cells Nu % Diff Nu 201006 8.3 0.088 385619 8.1 0.063 490198 7.9 0.038 931236 7.87 0.034 • Grid independency test results at Re = 800 • The test was performed on A1 configuration with using pure-water • (490198) grid was selected for the simulations.
- 17. Validation • The numerical result was validated based on the experimental work presented by Liu et al.[7] . • The validation was performed on A1 configuration by using pure-water. • The maximum and minimum deviation of Nu between numerical and experimental were 11.5, 3.8, respectively. Using A1 configuration with pure water
- 18. The Velocity and Temperature distribution in Different geometry configurations. A1 channel VELOCITY TEMPERATURE A2 channel A3 channel A4 channel A1 channel A2 channel A3 channel A4 channel
- 20. • The assessment of thermal and hydraulic performance on various LVG configurations showing A1 to be the best configuration for LVG arrangement. • A1: • The augmentation in Nusselt number was 0.9% - 28.1% and 1% - 37.7 % , respectively, for, ,Cuo-water with penalty of increase Fanning friction factor by 5.2% - 28 % and 1% - 30.7% , respectively, for , Cuo-water with respect to smooth microchannel. • Then A1 was chosen as the main LVG configuration for the rest of the study (using different Nano-fluids) 1 2, 30β β = ° 2 3AL O water− 2 3AL O water− Conclusions for objective 1
- 21. • Conclusions for objective 2 • The study on thermal and hydraulic performance for various nanofluids using A1 as the best LVG configuration has been performed. • First – different nanoparticle with the same base fluid (water) • Second part –same nanoparticle with the different base fluid (PAO, Water , EG) • It found that AL2O3 – water have the best performance of all nanofluids with LVGs in range of Reynolds numbers of the present study. • In case of different base fluid CuO-PAO have the best preforms. • The Nusselt number values was 7.67- 14.7 and 9.57 - 15.88, respectively, for AL2O3 – water, CuO-PAO with penalty of increase Fanning friction factor by 5% - 33.6% and 4.2% - 26%, respectively, for AL2O3 – water, CuO-PAO.
- 22. In summary • Three dimensional Conjugated heat transfer and single-phase laminar flow structures simulations were performed in a validated computational fluid dynamics code, Ansys Fluent 16, using finite volume approach. • The model was validated by comparing Nusselt number to the constant thermo-physical properties from experimental results.
- 23. Recommendations and future work Recommendations: •it is better to use this technique under high flowrates in ordered to achieve higher overall efficiency •This device is mainly designed for chip cooling. future work: •Modify the design for Bio-MEMS in Nanodrug delivery.
- 25. [1] C. Glassbrenner, G.A. Slack, Thermal conductivity of silicon and germanium from 3 K to the melting point, Physical Review, 134(4A) (1964) A1058. [2] T.L. Bergman, A.S. Lavine, F.P. Incropera, D.P. Dewitt, Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, (2011). [3] V. Etminan-Farooji, E. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, H. Niazmand, S. Wongwises, Unconfined laminar nanofluid flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55(5-6) (2012) 1475-1485. [4] Y. Yue, S.K. Mohammadian, Y. Zhang, Analysis of performances of a manifold microchannel heat sink with nanofluids, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 89 (2015) 305-313. [5] K. Liu, Heat transfer measurement in oil-based nanofluids, (2011). [6] E.G.P. Guide, MEGlobal. 2008, in. [7] C. Liu, J.-t. Teng, J.-C. Chu, Y.-l. Chiu, S. Huang, S. Jin, T. Dang, R. Greif, H.-H. Pan, Experimental investigations on liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54(13-14) (2011) 3069-3080. • Reference