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- 1. Applications of Nanoparticles By: Maryam Ansar 15MSCHY023 M.Sc. IIIrd Sem
- 2. Contents Introduction Applications of nanoparticles in Medical Field Applications of nanoparticles in Industries Applications of nanoparticles in Environmental Issues
- 3. Nanotechnology deals with the creation of useful materials, devices and systems using the particles of nanometer length scale and exploitation of novel properties (physical, chemical, biological) at that length scale. Particles having one of their dimension in the range of 1nm to 100nm. What is nanotechnology ? & nanoparticle ?
- 4. Nanoparticle involved in drug delivery The nanoparticle get entrapment of drugs are either enhanced delivery to, or uptake by, target cells and/or a reduction in the toxicity of the free drug to non-target organs. (W i m H De Jong and Paul JA B orm, 2008). Applications of nanoparticle in Medical Field
- 5. The use of polymeric micelle nanoparticles to deliver drugs to tumors. The use of polymer coated iron oxide nanoparticles to break up clusters of bacteria, possibly allowing more effective treatment of chronic bacterial infections.
- 6. Nano shells as Cancer Therapy Nano shells are injected into cancer area and they recognize cancer cells. Then by applying near-infrared light, the heat generated by the light-absorbing Nano shells has successfully killed tumor cells while leaving neighboring cells intact.
- 7. Researchers at Rice University have demonstrated that cerium oxide nanoparticles act as an antioxidant to remove oxygen free radicals that are present in a patient's bloodstream following a traumatic injury. The nanoparticles absorb the oxygen free radicals and then release the oxygen in a less dangerous state, freeing up the nanoparticle to absorb more free radicals. Researhers are developing ways to use carbon nanoparticles called nanodiamonds in medical applications. For example nanodiamonds with protein molecules attached can be used to increase bone growth around dental or joint implants. Researchers are testing the use of chemotherapy drugs attached to nanodiamonds to treat brain tumors. Other researchers are testing the use of chemotherapy drugs attached to nanodiamonds to treat leukemia.
- 8. Food industry Nanotechnology can be applied in the production, processing, safety and packaging of food. A nanocomposite coating process could improve food packaging by placing anti-microbial agents directly on the surface of the coated film. Nanocomposites could increase or decrease gas permeability of different fillers as is needed for different products. They can also improve the mechanical and heat-resistance properties and lower the oxygen transmission rate. Applications of nanoparticle in Industries
- 9. Textile The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free. Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures. Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer
- 10. Cosmetics A sunscreen based on mineral nanoparticles such as titanium oxide offer several advantages. Titanium oxide nanoparticles have a comparable UV protection property as the bulk material, but lose the cosmetically undesirable whitening as the particle size is decreased. Sports Materials for new athletic shoes may be made in order to make the shoe lighter. Baseball bats already on the market are made with carbon nanotubes that reinforce the resin, which is said to improve its performance by making it lighter
- 11. Cement Nano-silica addition to cement based materials can also control the degradation of the fundamental C-S-H (calcium- silicatehydrate) reaction of concrete caused by calcium leaching in water as well as block water penetration and therefore lead to improvements in durability. Steel Steel cables can be strengthened using carbon nanotubes. The use of vanadium and molybdenum nanoparticles improves the delayed fracture problems associated with high strength bolts. This reduces the effects of hydrogen embrittlement and improves steel micro-structure by reducing the effects of the inter-granular cementite phase.
- 12. Wood Wood is also composed of nanotubes or “nanofibrils”; namely, lignocellulosic (woody tissue) elements which are twice as strong as steel. Harvesting these nanofibrils would lead to a new paradigm in sustainable construction as both the production and use would be part of a renewable cycle. Glass By using a clear intumescent layer sandwiched between glass panels (an interlayer) formed of silica nanoparticles (SiO2), which turns into a rigid and opaque fire shield when heated. Most of glass in construction is on the exterior surface of buildings. So the light and heat entering the building through glass has to be prevented.
- 13. Researchers are using photocatalytic copper tungsten oxide nanoparticles to break down oil into biodegradable compounds. The nanoparticles are in a grid that provides high surface area for the reaction, is activated by sunlight and can work in water, making them useful for cleaning up oil spills. Applications of nanoparticle in Environmental Issues
- 14. Iron oxide nanoparticles are being used to clean arsenic from water wells.
- 15. Researchers are using gold nanoparticles embedded in a porous manganese oxide as a room temperature catalyst to breakdown volatile organic pollutants in air. Iron nanoparticles are being used to clean up carbon tetrachloride pollution in ground water