PRIMITIVE REFLEXES AND.pptx7777777777777777777777777777777
- 1. PRIMITIVE REFLEXES AND ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE Lecturer: Dr Jalloh Module: Peadiatrics
- 2. GROUP MEMBERS • ALPHA OSMANIE BARRIE 22009 • SEWA BANGURA 22008
- 3. PRIMITIVE REFLEXES These are involuntary motor responses that are present in infants but are typically suppressed as a child develops. PURPOSE These reflexes are important to survival and help indicate how signals are transmitted from the brain to muscle. SUPPRESSION The frontal lobe of the brain suppress primitive reflexes as a child develops. This process usually occurs between 4 and 6 months of age.
- 4. REFLEXES GRASP REFLEXES (PALMAR & PLANTAR): • Palmar grasp: When placing a finger or stroking the inside of an infants palm, the hand will close around it. It disappears at about 4-6 moths of age. • Plantar grasp:When the finger is placed under the toes, the toes will curl. This reflex disappears about 9 months – 1 year of age.
- 5. Cont’d • Weak or absence in grasp reflex in an infant may be due to: 1. Peripheral nerve injury 2. Neural communication error 3. Spastic cerebral palsy 4. Brain lesions
- 7. Con’t MORO REFLEX: When the infant hears a sudden loud noise or experiences unexpected movement, the infant will extend the hands with palms up, and the move the arms back to the body. Sometimes crying is noted afterwards. This reflex disappears about 6 months of age.
- 8. Cont’d • An absence of the moro reflex may be due to the following causes: 1. Brain or spinal cord damage 2. Broken shoulder bone 3. Brachial plexus injury 4. Cerebral palsy
- 10. REFLEX ROOTING REFLEX: When the infant’s cheek or side of mouth is stroked the head will turn towards it, and the infant’s mouth will open in an attempt to suck. This helps the baby find the food source when feeding. It disappears about 4 months of age.
- 11. Cont’d • Some of the possible reason for absence or delayed rooting reflex include: 1. Premature birth 2. Hypotonia 3. Trigeminal nerve dysfuntion
- 12. REFLEX SUCKING REFLEX: When something touches the top of the infant’s mouth the infant will begin to suck. It disappears about 4 months of age.
- 13. Cont’d • An absent or abnormal sucking reflex in a newborn can indicate neurological immaturity.
- 14. REFLEX BABINSKI REFLEX: When the bottom of the foot is stroked from the heel upwards along the outward part of the foot, the big toe dorsiflexes (bends back) and the other toes fan or spreads out. It disappears about 1 year of age. Absent babinski reflex could indicate: brain or spinal cord injury, stroke, meningitis, Lou Gehrig disease
- 16. REFLEX CRAWLING REFLEX: When the infant is placed on the stomach and pressure (such as a hand) is applied to the sole and the foot, the infant will attempt to push against the hand and move the arms and legs in a crawling like motion. It disappears few weeks to months after birth. Absent of this reflex could be a sign of a developmental delay or neurological issue.
- 18. REFLEX STEPPING REFLEX: When holding the infant upright with legs and feet touching a surface, the infant will move the legs like taking steps or walking. It disappears 3-4 months of age and reappears at 12-24 months.
- 19. Cont’d • An absent or weak stepping reflex in a baby could indicate a problem with the central nervous system. • Other cause may include: cerebral palsy, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and A motor nerve injuy.
- 20. REFLEX TONIC NECK REFLEX: When infant’s head is turned to a particular side, the leg and arm on that side will extend, while the leg and arm on the opposite side will flex. It is also called fencing reflex. It disappears about 4 months of age.
- 21. Cont’d • A missing tonic neck reflex in a baby is usually not a concern. • A baby’s tonic neck reflex, helps them develop hand-eye coordination, track their vision and learn how to move their limbs.
- 23. ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE • This is also called stages of development. These are list of skills most children could do at a certain age including physical motor skills, language as well as social cognitive skills. • This is crucial for a child’s future. If a child does not meet their key developmental milestone for their age, it can indicate a delay in development that could result to severe disablement if not seen early and addressed early.
- 24. LANGUAGE • 1 Month- Responds to touch &voices. Sensory motor communication • 2 Months- Co • 4 Months- Haha, able to change cry tone for different needs • 6 Months- Babble • 9 Months- Mommy, dada • 12 Months- 1+ words
- 25. GROSS MOTOR • 1 Month- HEAD LAG • 2 Months- RAISE HEAD, KICK LEGS • 4 Months- ROLL OVER • 6 Months- SITS UP, BIRTH WEIGHTS DOUBLES • 9 Months- CRAWL • 12 Months- WALKS
- 26. FINE MOTOR • 1 Month- Grasp reflex, Babinski reflex, Rooting reflex, Tonic neck reflex • 2 Months- Grasp reflex deminishes • 4 Months- Grabs objects voluntarily, deminishing of moro reflex and others. • 6 Months- Holds a big bottle, transfer objects from hand to hand. • 9 Months- Grabs lime-sized object with finger and thumb. • 12 Months- Paints with painter finger
- 27. SOCIAL • 1 Month- Finds safety with caregiver and looks at face • 2 Months- Twinkle/ smiles • 4 Months- Focuses on sound • 6 Months- Stranger anxiety • 9 Months- Responds to name • 12 Months- Told commands (responds)
- 30. • THANK YOU