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Principles of Information Systems, 12th
Edition
Solutions – Chapter 7
Ethical & Societal Issues
Bringing High-Speed Internet to Poland
Discussion Questions
1. Student responses will vary. Some students may point out that without the Internet, it
would be difficult for any country to participate in the world economy.
2. Student responses will vary. If the goal is for all countries in the EU to be on par in
terms of technological capability and strong economies, then yes, it is an appropriate
split.
Critical Thinking Question
1. Student responses will vary. Some may point out the difficulty they would have in
completing assignments and registering for classes.
2. Student responses will vary. With the availability of high-speed Internet service,
Faceboook will likely see a surge in membership.
Information Systems @ Work
Improved Insight via Clickstream Analysis
1. Student responses will vary. Google and other search engines would have the
information they need to modify their algorithms in order to improve search results.
2. Learning from clickstreams could be useful in online education. It would discern
patterns that would allow students to learn more quickly and more easily. The
improved experience may affect students’ overall attitude toward learning.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. Student responses will vary. Every time you navigate the Internet, you leave behind a
trail of information that when analyzed, can reveal personal data or your identity.
This is a serious privacy issue and online users should be able to opt out of tracking.

Edition
2. Student responses will vary. As an online user, clickstream analysis helps you to find
relevant information more quickly.
Review Questions
1. While the terms Internet and Web are often used interchangeably, technically, the two
are different technologies. The Internet is the infrastructure on which the Web exists.
The Internet is made up of computers, network hardware such as routers and fiber
optic cables, software, and the TCP/IP protocols. The Web, on the other hand,
consists of server and client software, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
standards, and markup languages that combine to deliver information and services
over the Internet.
2. ARPANET was broken into two networks: MILNET, which included all military
sites, and a new, smaller ARPANET, which included all the nonmilitary sites.
3. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page description language for
Web pages. HTML is defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (referred to as
“W3C”) and has developed through numerous revisions. HTML tells the browser
how to display font characteristics, paragraph formatting, page layout, image
placement, hyperlinks, and the content of a Web page.
4. Host names on the Internet consist of a string of characters (word-like elements)
separated by periods. These names can be interpreted by reading from right to left
(most general to most specific). The rightmost part of the name is the zone (or
domain). It generally represents a geographic or administrative host type. Currently,
twelve types of zones are in use. These are:
Zone Name Zone Description
edu educational sites
mil military sites
gov government sites
net networking organizations
org organizations
firm businesses and firms
store businesses offering goods for purchase
info information service providers
web entities related to world wide web
activities
arts cultural and entertainment activities
rec recreational activities
nom Individuals

Edition
The next part of the address is the subzone (subdomain), which represents the host
organization’s identifier. Several subzones might be used to represent divisions
within the host organization. The leftmost portion of the address is the specific
computer’s name, e.g., computer.subzone.zone.
5. A Web browser is Web client software, such as Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer,
Safari, and Opera, are used to view Web pages. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,
Internet Explorer, Apple Safari, and Opera Software’s Opera are popular Web
browsers.
6. Cloud computing refers to a computing environment in which software and storage
are provided as an Internet service and accessed with a Web browser. Apple
Computer has developed a service called iCloud to allow people to store their
documents, music, photos, apps, and other content on its server. Facebook provides
social interaction and can store personal photos, as can Flickr and a dozen other photo
sites.
7. The following table summarizes different ways to connect to the Internet:
Access Method Advantages Disadvantages
LAN Server Expense can be shared by
numerous LAN users/very
fast/ hardware may already
be in place on local stations
Requires network
card/cost can be as
much as $2000 per
month
Dial-in via SLIP or PPP Low cost/low hardware
requirements
Slower speeds/at
mercy of phone line
quality
Online service with
Internet access
Low cost/additional services
provided/low hardware
requirements
Access can be
competitive/slow
8. Internet censorship is the control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of
information on the Internet.
9. A Web design framework is a collection of files and folders of standardized code
(HTML, CSS, and JavaScript documents) that can be used to support the
development of Web sites. Responsive Web design is made easier through the use of
frameworks that enable you to create standard-compliant Web sites with minimum
effort while at the same time keeping everything simple and consistent. The
advantage of using frameworks is that they speed up and simplify the design of the
Web site and provide consistency across different devices.

Edition
10. When you visit a site, your clickstream is the sequence of pages you click as you
spend time on the site. Clickstream analysis is the process of analyzing many
clickstreams to understand visitors’ collective behavior. The goal of clickstream
analysis usually is to optimize a site for its users.
11. A podcast is an audio broadcast over the Internet.
12. Human-powered search provides search results created by human researchers.
Because the system is human powered, the search results are typically more accurate,
definitive, and complete. With human-powered search, you do not need to examine a
long list of search results to find what you are looking for. Each search leads to one
page of information on your topic with links to more sources of information.
13. Telnet enables a user to log on to another computer and access its public files. FTP
allows someone to copy a file from another computer to his or her own computer.
14. Content streaming is a method for transferring multimedia files over the Internet so
that the data stream of voice and/or picture plays continuously, without a break. It
also enables users to browse large files in real time.
15. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is responsible
for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names. One of its primary concerns is
to make sure that each domain name represents only one individual or entity—the one
that legally registers it.
16. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Web address that specifies the exact location
of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on the
host. The URL gives those who provide information over the Internet a standard way
to designate where Internet resources such as servers and documents are located.
Consider the URL for Cengage, http://www.cengage.com/. The “http” specifies the
access method and tells your software to access a file using the Hypertext Transport
Protocol. This is the primary method for interacting with the Internet.
17. Content streaming is a method of transferring large media files over the Internet so
that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously as the file is
being downloaded. For example, rather than wait for an entire 5 MB video clip to
download before they can play it, users can begin viewing a streamed video as it is
being received. One advantage of streaming movies is that it allows networks to
charge viewers to watch their episodes on the Internet. Also, the consumer now has
more options in how they view programming – via mobile devices or television.
18. An intranet uses Internet technology and WWW standards to develop isolated or
partially isolated internal networks.

Edition
Examples of intranet uses include networking mobile sales forces, developing on-line
employee handbook applications, and the protection of sensitive internal information.
Anything that an organization doesn’t want the general public to see can be placed on
an intranet.
19. An extranet extends selected resources of an intranet out to a group of its customers,
suppliers, or other business partners. Like an intranet, it is based on Web
technologies.
1. The Internet is the world’s largest computer network. The Internet is actually a
collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information using a
common set of protocols. More than 1 billion computers, or hosts, make up today’s
Internet, supporting nearly 2:7 billion users.
The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another. The set of
conventions used to pass packets from one host to another is known as the Internet
Protocol (IP). Many other protocols are used with IP. The best known is the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP is so widely used that many people refer
to the Internet protocol as TCP/IP, the combination of TCP and IP used by most
Internet applications. Each computer on the Internet has an assigned IP address for
easy identification. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Web address that
specifies the exact location of a Web page (using letters and words that map to an IP
address) and the location on the host.
2. The use of social media in business is called Enterprise 2.0. Enterprise 2.0
applications, such as Salesforce’s Chatter, Jive Software’s Engage, and Yammer
enable employees to create business wikis, support social networking, perform
blogging, and create social bookmarks to quickly find information.
Not everyone is happy with social networking sites, however. Employers might use
social networking sites to find personal information about you. Some people worry
that their privacy will be invaded or their personal information used without their
knowledge or consent.
3. The task of designing a Web site has become much more complicated as the range of
mobile devices we use to access the Web has expanded. Soon, if not already, more
people will access the Web using some type of mobile device rather than a desktop
computer. The challenge for Web site designers is to figure out how to provide a
pleasing Web browsing experience on various devices. One approach is the use of
responsive Web design—a means of providing custom layouts to devices based on
the size of the browser window.

Edition
Most browsers that run on small screen devices such as smartphones and tablets
shrink a Web page down to fit the screen and provide ways for zooming and moving
around the page. Although this approach works, it does not provide a pleasing
browsing experience. The text is too small to read, the links too small to tap, and too
much zooming and panning is tedious. An alternative approach is to use responsive
Web design to serve a single HTML document to all devices by applying different
style sheets based on the screen size to provide an optimal layout for that device. For
example, when the page is viewed on a desktop computer with a large screen, the
content can be placed into multiple columns with normal navigation elements. But
when that same page is viewed on a small smartphone screen, it appears in one
column with large links for easy tapping.
4. A primary concern is that each domain name should represent only one individual or
entity – the one that legally registers it.
5. Cloud computing offers tremendous advantages to businesses. By outsourcing
business information systems to the cloud, a business saves on system design,
installation, and maintenance. Employees can also access corporate systems from any
Internet-connected computer using a standard Web browser. The New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE), for example, is starting to offer cloud-computing applications that
let customers pay for the services and data they use on Euronext—a European market
for stocks, bonds, and other investments.
6. Several high-speed Internet services are available for businesses, including cable
modem connections from cable television companies, DSL connections from phone
companies, and satellite connections from satellite television companies.
7. Companies could use blogs and podcasts to inform its employees of different
company information, such as events, changes in policies, or new assignments.
Companies could also post blogs and podcasts informing the public of special events
or promotions.
8. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language designed to transport and
store data on the Web. Rather than using predefined tags like HTML, XML allows
the coder to create custom tags that define data. XML is extremely useful for
organizing Web content and making data easy to find.
9. A virtual private network (VNP) is a secure connection between two points on the
Internet. VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets and sending
the packets over the Internet, a practice called tunneling.
10. Web services consist of standards and tools that streamline and simplify
communication among Web sites and that promise to revolutionize the way we
develop and use the Web for business and personal purposes.

Edition
The key to Web services is XML. Just as HTML was developed as a standard for
formatting Web content into Web pages, XML is used within a Web page to describe
and transfer data between Web service applications. It is easy to read and has wide
industry support.
11. One of the defining characteristics of Web 2.0 sites is social networking. Social
network sites provide members with a personal Web page and allow them to post
photos and information about themselves. These sites also allow members to send
messages to each other and post comments on each other’s pages. Members
accumulate friends through invitation. Special interest groups can be created and
joined as well.
12. Cyberbullying is the use of Internet technology to harass others. It is a very
significant issue. A recent survey by the Centers for Disease Control reveals that 16:2
percent of high school students report being bullied within the last year through social
media portals, email, chat rooms, instant messaging, texting, online games, and Web
sites. Teens who are bullied have a higher risk of drug and alcohol use, low self
esteem, poor grades, truancy, and health problems.
What makes cyberbullying different from in-person bullying is that it is pervasive.
Cyberbullying can be carried out 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, and a teen cannot
avoid it simply by skipping school.
13. Geolocation information does pose a risk to privacy and security. Many people prefer
that their location to remain unknown, at least to strangers, and often to acquaintances
and even friends. Recently, criminals have made use of location information to
determine when people are away from their residences so that they can burglarize
without fear of interruption.
14. In order for a Web site to receive frequent visitations, current, useful, and well-
organized information needs to be provided. To receive an initial visit, a Web site
must have the appropriate contents or keywords to be found by the search engine
software. Some hints for getting recognition for your site follow:
Search engines look for:
1. Keywords in the title.
2. Keywords on page or those repeated several times within the page.
Useful tips
Keywords: Choose three or more keywords representative of your page. Use these
words in your title and early in the text of the page. Too few keywords may limit the
relevance of your site. When possible, use synonyms to increase the chances of your
page being located. People seeking information will use many different words and
word combinations. Anticipating what words will be used as keywords in a search is
very difficult.

Edition
15. Artists can either use the Web to generate publicity about the issue and hope it results
in legitimate sales or join a group that is working to stop illegal copies on the Web.
This sometimes angers fans, which can also result in a loss of sales.
16. Student responses will vary.
17. The Internet is a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging
information. An intranet is an internal corporate network built using Internet and
World Wide Web standards and products; used by employees to gain access to
corporate information. An extranet is a network based on Web technologies that links
selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other
business partners.
Problem-Solving Exercises
1. Students should conduct research on the Web to identify the three most frequently
visited non-U.S.-based social networking sites.
2. Students should think of a business that they might like to establish and use a word
processor to define the business in terms of what product(s) or service(s) it provides,
where it is located, and its name.
3. Students should develop a brief proposal for creating a business Web site.
4. Students should develop a spreadsheet that shows the revenues from operating a
bakery Web site.
5. Students should develop a slide show using a graphics program, such as PowerPoint,
to show how a new Web site to sell used bicycles on campus can be started and
profitably run.
Team Activities
1. Students should plan, set up, and execute a meeting with another team wherein they
meet via use of a Web service such as GoToMeeting or WebEx.
2. Students should use the search engine Baidu to find information on several topics.
3. Students should form teams and describe a new and exciting Internet game.
4. Each team member should use a different search engine to find information about
podcasting.

Edition
Web Exercises
1. Students should use the Internet to identify the top three Internet issues of today.
2. Students should use the Internet to identify three organizations that make extensive
use of extranets to collaborate with their business partners
3. Students should identify half a dozen blogs of interest to them and use Really Simple
Syndication to receive a blog update from each site.
Career Exercises
1. Students should explore LinkedIn, a social media network for professional
networking.
2. Students should select two businesses that are of interest to them and research how
these businesses use the Web.
Case Studies
Case One: Social Networking Inside a Business
1. PepsiCo Russia consists of dozens of employee groups that have no shared history.
Making them work as a unit created a management challenge. To deal with this
challenge, PepsiCo Russia decided to create an employee intranet portal with a social
focus.
2. An intranet is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web
standards and technologies. Employees of an organization use it to gain access to
corporate information. To achieve success, effective communication among different
employee groups is essential for most companies. An intranet allows them to
accomplish this.
1. Document sharing platforms support product development by providing businesses
with collaborative workspaces and social computing tools to allow people at different
locations to work on projects together.
2. Student responses will vary. When it comes to document sharing and social media,
security is always an issue.

Edition
Case Two: War Games: Now More Real Than Ever
1. Massive multiplayer games can be used to develop skills necessary to succeed in the
real world.
2. Projects developed with EDGE produce life-like simulation in which objects and
people behave as they would in the real world.
1. Massively multiplayer games can be used to improve collaboration between different
groups of first responders—a valuable skill that is difficult to develop without
actually being in the field.
2. Artificial intelligence and advanced computational steering of objects could be
adapted to develop projects that serve federal, state, and local emergency agencies
and private sector partners across the nation in the event of a terrorist threat.
Questions for Web Case
Altitude Online: The Internet, Web, Intranet, and Extranets
1. The decision to implement a new ERP will not impact the company’s public-facing
online presence. It will, however strongly impact the company’s intranet applications.
Jon and his team needed to design a dashboard application that provided employees
with access to pertinent corporate systems.
2. Besides core information systems, the dashboard would also provide access to
industry news, and Web 2.0 applications that supported knowledge managements,
and communication between workers.

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mild, máild
mile, máil
milliner, míliner
mind, máind
mine, máin
minute, mínet
mirror, míror
misfortune, misfórchon
mistake, mistéik
mistress, místres
mole, móul
monday, móndei
money, móni
monkey, mónki
month, monz
mood, mud

moon, mun
more, móur
mosquito, móskito
most, móust
mother, moder
motive, móutiv
mouse, máus
moustache, mustach
mouth, máuz
move, muv
mow, móu
much, moch
mud, mod
muff, mof
mule, miúl
murder, merder
muscle, mosel
museum, miusíon
music, míusik
muslin, moslin
must, mest
mustard, mostard
mutton, móton
my, mái
Nail, néil
name, néim
nape, néip
narrow, náro
native, nétiv
natural, náchiural
naughty, nóti
nave, néiv
navy, névi
near, níar
neat, nit
necessary, nésesari

necklace, nékleis
necktie, nektái
needle, nídel
neglect, nigléct
neighbor, néibor
neither, níder
nephew, néfiu
nerve, nerv
never, néver
new, niú
newspaper, niuspéiper
nice, náis
niece, nis
night, náit
nine, náin
nineteen, náintin
noble, nóbel
noise, nóis
none, non
noon, nun
north, norz
nose, nóus
note, nóut
nothing, nózin
notice, nótis
noun, náun
now, náu
number, nomber
nun, non
nurse, nors
nut, not
Oak, óuk
oats, óuts
obedient, obídient
object, óbyect
obligation, obliguéchen

oblige, obláich
obscure, obskíuer
observe, obsérv
obstacle, óbstakel
obtain, obtéin
occasion, okéchen
occupy, okiupái
occur, okór
ocean, óchean
odious, ódios
of, ov
off, of
offense, oféns
office, ófis
often, ófen
old, óuld
olive, óliv
once, uóns
one, uón
onion, óñon
open, ópn
opera, ópira
opium, ópion
opportunity, oportiúniti
oppose, opóus
opposite, óposit
orange, oranch
oration, oréichen
orchard, órchord
orchestra, órkestra
organise, órganais
orifice, órifis
original, oríyinal
ornate, órneit
orphan, órfan
oscillate, ósileit

ossify, ósifai
ostensible, osténsibel
ostentation, ostentechen
other, ozer
ought, ot
ounce, auns
our, áuer
out, áut
outdo, autdú
outgrow, autgróu
outhouse, áutjaus
outlaw, áutlo
outlay, áutlei
outside, áutsaid
ovation, ovéichen
over, óver
overcome, overcóm
overlay, overléi
overlook, overlúk
oversee, oversí
overtake, overtéik
owe, ou
owl, ául
own, óun
owner, óner
oyster, oíster
Pace, péis
pacify, pásifai
pagan, péigan
page, péich
pail, péil
pain, péin
paint, péint
pair, péar
palace, páleis
palate, páleit

pale, péil
palfrey, pálfri
pall, pol
palm, pam
palpitate, pálpiteit
palsy, pólsi
pamphlet, pámflet
pane, péin
pantaloon, pantalón
papal, péipal
paper, péiper
parade, paréid
paradise, páradais
paralyse, páralais
paralysis, parálisis
parasite, párasait
parcel, pársel
pardon, pardn
pare, péir
parent, péirent
parish, párich
parley, párli
parliament, párliment
parlor, párlor
parricide, párisaid
parrot, párot
parsley, pársli
partake, partéik
partial, párchal
participate, partísipeit
particle, pártikel
particular, partíkiular
partition, partíchen
paschal, páscal
passable, pásabel
passenger, pásenyer

passion, páchon
passive, pásiv
paste, péist
pastime, pástaim
patentee, patentí
path, paz
patience, péichens
patient, péichent
patriarch, pétriark
patron, péitron
pause, pos
paw, po
pawn, pon
pay, péi
pea, pi
peace, pis
peach, pich
peacock, pícok
pear, péir
peasant, pésant
pedal, pídal
peel, pil
peep, pip
peer, pir
penance, pénans
pence, pens
pencil, pénsil
pendulum, péndiulom
peninsula, penínsiula
penitential, peniténchal
penknife, pén-naiv
pension, pénchon
people, pípel
pepper, péper
perceive, persív
perception, persepchon

perdition, perdichon
perfume, pérfium
period, píriod
perish, périch
permission, pérmichon
perpetrate, pérpetreit
perquisite, pércuisit
personify, pérsonifai
perspire, perspáier
persuade, persuéid
pestilence, péstilens
petition, petichon
petrify, pétrifai
petticoat, péticout
pew, piú
phare, fear
pharmacy, fármasi
philology, filóloyi
philosophy, filósoufi
phlegm, flem
photograph, fótograf
phthisis, tísis
physician, fisíchan
pickle, píkel
picture, picchor
pie, pái
piece, pis
pierce, pirs
piety, páieti
pigeon, píyeon
pig-sty, pígstai
pike, páik
pile, páil
pillow, pílou
pilot, páilot
pimple, pímpel

pincers, pínsers
pine, páin
pious, páius
pipe, páip
piracy, páirasi
pirate, páireit
pity, píti
place, pléis
plague, pléig
plain, plein
plait, pléit
plate, pléit
plausible, plósibel
play, pléi
play-house, pléi-jaus
plea, pli
pleasant, plísant
please, plis
pleasure, plicher
plough, pláu
plumb, plom
plume, plum
ply, plái
pocket, póket
poesy, póuesi
poison, póison
pole, póul
policeman, pólisman
polite, poláit
politic, polítik
poll, pol
poniard, poñard
pool, pul
poop, pup
poor, púer
pope, póup

populate, pópiuleit
porter, pórter
portion, porchon
portray, pórtrei
position, posíchon
possession, poséchon
possible, pósibel
postage, pósteich
post-office, póst-ofis
posture, póschor
potato, potéito
potion, póchon
potter, póter
pound, páund
pour, póur
powder, páuder
power, páuer
practice, práktis
practise, práktis
praise, préis
pray, préi
preach, prich
preacher, prícher
precaution, precóchon
precede, presíd
precious, préchos
precise, presáis
predicate, prédikeit
preface, préfeis
prefer, prifér
prelate, préleit
premise, premáis
premium, prímióm
prepare, pripéir
presence, présens
preside, presáid

pretty, príti
prey, préi
price, práis
pride, práid
priest, prist
primacy, práimasi
prime, práim
prince, prins
prior, práior
prison, prisn
private, práiveit
prize, práis
probable, próbabel
proceed, prosíd
proclaim, procléim
produce, prodiús
profane, proféin
profuse, profiús
promenade, prómeneid
promise, prómis
pronounce, pronáuns
pronunciation, prononsiéichon
proof, pruf
prophet, prófet
propose, propóus
proprietor, propráietor
prostrate, próstreit
proud, práud
prove, pruv
provided, prováided
province, próvins
prow, práu
pry, prái
pulse, pols
punish, penich
pup, pop

pupil, piúpil
purchase, pórcheis
pure, piúr
purple, pórpel
purpose, pórpos
purse, pers
pursue, persiú
puzzle, pósel
pyre, páir
Quail, cuéil
qualify, cuólifai
quality, cuóliti
quantity, cuóntiti
quarrel, cuórel
quarter, cuórter
quaver, cuéiver
quean, cuín
queen, cuín
query, cuíri
question, cuéschon
quiet, cuáiet
quinine, cuínain
quire, cuáier
quite, cuáit
Race, réis
racer, réiser
rage, reich
rail, réil
rain, réin
rainbow, réinbo
rainy, réini
raise, réis
range, réinch
rare, réar
rate, réit
rather, ráder

ravelin, rávlin
raven, réivn
raw, ro
razor, réisor
reach, rich
read, rid
reader, ríder
readily, rédili
readiness, rédines
reading, rídin
ready, rédi
real, ríal
really, ríali
ream, rim
reap, rip
rear, ríar
reason, ríson
receipt, risít
receive, risív
recover, ricóver
redeemer, ridímer
redoubt, redáut
reduce, ridiús
refer, rifér
refusal, refiúsal
regiment, réyiment
register, réyister
regret, regrét
reins, réins
relation, reléchon
relieve, relív
rely, relái
remain, riméin
remind, rimáind
remove, rimúv
repair, ripéar

repeat, repít
reply, riplái
report, repórt
repose, ripóus
reptiles, reptáils
request, ricuést
require, ricuáier
resemble, risémbel
resolve, risólv
respect, respéct
retail, ritéil
retreat, ritrít
return, retorn
revenue, réveniu
reverse, revérs
review, reviú
rheumatism, riúmatism
rhubarb, rúbarb
ribbon, ribn
rice, ráis
rich, rich
ride, ráid
right, ráit
ripe, ráip
rise, ráis
rising, ráisin
road, róud
roast, róust
roast-beef, róustbif
roller, róler
roof, ruf
rook, ruk
room, rum
root, rut
rope, róup
rose, róus

rough, rof
round, ráund
row, ráu
rubber, róber
ruby, riúbi
rule, rul
ruler, rúler
run, ron
rupture, rópchor
russia, róchia
rye, rái
Sabre, séiber
saddle, sádel
safe, séif
saffron, sáfron
said, sed
sail, séil
sailor, séilor
sale, séil
salmon, sámon
saloon, salún
salt, solt
same, séim
sanctify, sánctifai
sanction, sánchon
sanctity, sántiti
sane, séin
sardine, sárdin
satisfy, satisfái
saturday, sátordei
sauce, sos
saucer, sóser
savor, séivor
saw, so
say, séi
scalade, scaléid

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