Principles of tooth extraction
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The document outlines principles of tooth extraction using forceps or elevators. Extraction with forceps aims to expand the bony socket and leverage the tooth out with minimal trauma. Extraction with elevators uses lever, wedge, and wheel and axle principles to force the tooth from its socket along the path of least resistance. The elevator acts as a lever, with the fulcrum located between the effort applied and load resisted to gain mechanical advantage.
Principles of tooth extraction
- 1. PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION The ideal tooth extraction is the painless removal of the whole tooth,or tooth root,with minimal trauma to the investing tissues,so that the wound heals uneventfully and no postoperative prosthetic problem is created. PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION WITH FORCEPS PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION WITH ELEVATORS 1. Expansion of the bony socket 1.Lever principle 2. The use of a lever and fulcrum 2. Wedge principle 3. The insertion of a wedge or wedges 3.Wheel & axle 2. The use of a lever and fulcrum to force a tooth or root out of the sochet along the path of least resistance. It is the basic factor governing the use of elevators to extract teeth & roots.The elevator is the lever of first order & the fulcrum is located between the input effort & the outputl load/resistance.To gain mechanical advantage the effort arm must be longer than the resistance arm 1. Expansion of the bony socket to permit the removal of its contained tooth,achieved by using the tooth as the dilating instrument .Most important factor in forceps extraction.For success it requires sufficient tooth be present to be firmly grasped by forceps blades.Can be dilated only if the bone is sufficiently elastic’.Most cases accompanied by multiple small fracture of buccal plate & the interradicular septa. 3. Insertion of a wedge or wedges between the tooth root and the bony socket wall causing the tooth to rise in its socket.Can be used to split expand and displace the portion of a substance that receives forces.mechanical advantage 2.5 4. THE REMOVAL OF A POST EMBEDDED IN THE GROUND (A)PERFORMED BY MOVING THE POST LATERALLY (B) UNTIL THE EARTH SURROUNDING IT HAS BEEN DISPLACED SUFFICIENTLY (C) TO PERMIT THE POST TO BE LIFTED OUT (A) (B) (C)