Problem i ph o 14
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This document contains 5 theoretical physics problems from the 1983 International Physics Olympiad (IPhO). 1) The first problem involves calculating the path length and speed of a particle moving in one dimension under a force and reflecting off a wall. 2) The second problem involves calculating properties of electric oscillations in an LC circuit with alternating current, including the maximum power frequency and amplitude of current oscillations. 3) The third problem involves calculating ray paths and deviations for light passing through a system of dispersive prisms. 4) The fourth problem involves using Compton scattering to calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron before collision based on wavelengths of photons before and after two scattering events.
Problem i ph o 14
- 1. IPhO 1983 Theoretical Questions 1. Mechanics – Problem I (8 points) Jumping particle A particle moves along the positive axis Ox (one-dimensional situation) under a force that’s projection on Ox is 0FFx = as represented in the figure below (as function of x ). At the origin of Ox axis is placed a perfectly reflecting wall. A friction force of constant modulus NFf 00,1= acts anywhere the particle is situated. The particle starts from the point mxx 00,10 == having the kinetic energy JEc 0,10= . a. Find the length of the path of the particle before it comes to a final stop b. Sketch the potential energy )(xU of the particle in the force field xF . c. Draw qualitatively the dependence of the particle speed as function of his coordinate x . 2. Electricity – Problem II (8 points) Different kind of oscillation Let’s consider the electric circuit in the figure, for which mHL 101 = , mHL 202 = , nFC 101 = , nFC 52 = and Ω= kR 100 . The switch K being closed the circuit is coupled with a source of alternating current. The current furnished by the source has constant intensity while the frequency of the current may be varied. a. Find the ratio of frequency mf for which the active power in circuit has the maximum value mP and the frequency difference −+ −=∆ fff of the frequencies +f and −f for which the active power in the circuit is half of the maximum power mP . The switch K is now open. In the moment 0t immediately after the switch is open the intensities of the currents in the coils 1L and Ai 1,001 = and Ai 2,002 = 1L Page 1 from 4
- 2. IPhO 1983 Theoretical Questions (the currents flow as in the figure); at the same moment, the potential difference on the capacitor with capacity 1C is Vu 400 = : b. Calculate the frequency of electromagnetic oscillation in 2211 LCCL circuit; c. Determine the intensity of the electric current in the AB conductor; d. Calculate the amplitude of the oscillation of the intensity of electric current in the coil 1L . Neglect the mutual induction of the coils, and the electric resistance of the conductors. Neglect the fast transition phenomena occurring when the switch is closed or opened. 3. Optics – Problem III (7points) Prisms Two dispersive prisms having apex angles °=60ˆ 1A and °=30ˆ 2A are glued as in the figure below ( °=90ˆC ). The dependences of refraction indexes of the prisms on the wavelength are given by the relations ( ) 2 1 11 λ λ b an += ; ( ) 2 2 22 λ λ b an += were .105,3,1,101,1,1 24 22 25 11 nmbanmba ⋅==⋅== a. Determine the wavelength 0λ of the incident radiation that pass through the prisms without refraction on AC face at any incident angle; determine the corresponding refraction indexes of the prisms. b. Draw the ray path in the system of prisms for three different radiations ioletred vλλλ ,, 0 incident on the system at the same angle. c. Determine the minimum deviation angle in the system for a ray having the wavelength 0λ . d. Calculate the wavelength of the ray that penetrates and exits the system along directions parallel to DC. Page 2 from 4
- 3. IPhO 1983 Theoretical Questions 4. Atomics - Problem IV (7 points) Compton scattering A photon of wavelength i λ is scattered by a moving, free electron. As a result the electron stops and the resulting photon of wavelength 0 λ scattered at an angle °= 60θ with respect to the direction of the incident photon, is again scattered by a second free electron at rest. In this second scattering process a photon with wavelength of mf 10 10251 − ×= ,λ emerges at an angle °= 60θ with respect to the direction of the photon of wavelength 0 λ . Find the de Broglie wavelength for the first electron before the interaction. The following constants are known: sJh ⋅×= −34 1066, - Planck’s constant kgm 31 1019 − ×= , - mass oh the electron smc /, 8 1003 ×= - speed of light in vacuum The purpose of the problem is to calculate the values of the speed, momentum and wavelength of the first electron. To characterize the photons the following notation are used: Table 4.1 To characterize the electrons one uses Table 4.2 first electron before collision first electron after collision second electron before collision Second electron after collision momentum ep1 0 0 ep2 energy eE1 eE0 eE0 eE2 speed ev1 0 0 ev 2 Page 3 from 4 initial photo n photon – after the first scattering final photon momentum ip 0p fp energy iE 0E fE wavelength iλ iλ fλ
- 4. IPhO 1983 Theoretical Questions 5. IPhO’s LOGO – Problem V The Logo of the International Physics Olympiad is represented in the figure below. The figure presents the phenomenon of the curving of the trajectory of a jet of fluid around the shape of a cylindrical surface. The trajectory of fluid is not like the expected dashed line but as the circular solid line. Qualitatively explain this phenomenon (first observed by Romanian engineer Henry Coanda in 1936). This problem will be not considered in the general score of the Olympiad. The best solution will be awarded a special prize. Page 4 from 4