Process Selection And Facility Layout
- 1. Process Selection And Facility Layout Group 01 142111 R.M.S.Kumara 142126 C.M.Akurana 142127 D.S.K.Arachchi 142140 L.A.S.Gunawardana 142142 H.M.P.E.Herath
- 2. Outline 1. Process Selection 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Process Strategies 1.3 Process Types 2. Facility Layout 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Importance Of Layout Decision 2.3 Need For Layout Decision
- 4. Introduction •Major implications –Capacity planning –Layout of facilities –Equipment –Design of work systems Variety Flexibility Volume Process Selection refers to the way an organization chooses to produce its good or services. How much What degree Expected output
- 5. Process Strategies Key aspects of process strategy 1. Make or Buy Decisions. The extent to which an organization will produce goods or provide in house as opposed to relying on an outside organization to produce or provide them. 2. Capital Intensity. The mix of equipment and labor will be used by the government 3.ProcessFlexibility The degree to which the system can be adjusted to changes in processing requirements due to such factors as changes in product or service design, changes in volume processed, and changes in technology. Adjust to changes Technology Volume Design Technology
- 6. Process Types 1. Continuous Processing 2. Intermittent Processing. 3. Automation Repetitive Processing. Batch Processing Job Shop Computer Aided Manufacturing Numerically Controlled Machines Robot Manufacturing Cell. Flexible Manufacturing System.
- 7. Continuous • Very high volumes of non-discrete goods •Advantages – Lower variable cost per unit – Lower but more specialized labor skills – Easier production planning and control – Higher equipment utilization (70% to 90%) • Disadvantages – Lower product flexibility – More specialized equipment – Usually higher capital investment Examples:- A continuous process. An oil refinery performs a continuous process, breaking down crude oil into petroleum, chemicals, and many other products ,Processing of chemicals, photographic film, newsprint.
- 8. Repetitive/assembly line • High volumes of standardized goods or services Examples:-A repetitive process: Binney& Smith, maker of Crayola products, produces nearly 3 billion crayons each year in its Easton, PA, manufacturing facility, Automobiles, televisions, computers ,calculators, cameras and video equipments • More structured than process-focused, less structured than product focused • Enables quasi-customization • Using modules, it enjoys economic advantage of continuous process, and custom advantage of low volume, high-variety model
- 9. Batch Moderate volume A system used to produce moderate volumes of similar items. Examples 1. A batch process: Food is prepared, one menu item at a time, in the kitchen of the Spago Restaurant in the Forum at Caesar’s Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada. 2. Paint, ice cream, canned vegetables 3. Magazines, newspapers, textbooks and user manuals.
- 10. Job shop •Small scale Example:- A job shop process: A mid western hospital medical team performs a diagnostic procedure involving a cardiac catheterization. Paint, ice cream, canned vegetables, Magazines, newspapers, textbooks and user manuals. •Advantages – Greater product flexibility – More general purpose equipment – Lower initial capital investment • Disadvantages – High variable costs – More highly trained personnel – More difficult production planning & control – Low equipment utilization (5% to 25%)
- 12. Automation •Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enables it to operate –Fixed automation –Programmable automation •Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems (CAD/CAM) •Numerically controlled (NC) machines •Robot •Manufacturing cell •Flexible manufacturing systems(FMS) •Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
- 13. Facility Layout
- 14. Introduction • The configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system. • Facilities layout decisions arise when: -Designing new facilities -Re-designing existing facilities
- 15. Importance Of Layout Decision Requires substantial investments of money and effort Involves long-term commitments Has significant impact on cost and efficiency of short-term operations Eliminate such causes of delays To make production process smooth, efficient and controlled To ensure better quality control Repeat orders and new customers Effective utilization of labor and space Avoids frequent changes which are difficult and costly Establish the firm’s image
- 16. Need For Layout Decision Inefficient operations For Example: High Cost Bottlenecks Changes in the design of products or services The introduction of new products or services Accidents-Safety hazards It helps to determine long term efficiency. It establishes company’s competitive priorities in regards to capacity, process flexibility It helps organization to achieve strategic advantage that support differentiation, low cost and fast repose
- 17. Thank you