Product Attributes Presentation
- 1. COCOMO COST DRIVERS USAMA FAYYAZ (107) MINAHIL KHAN (96) PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES
- 2. PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES ďProduct Attribute Is A Characteristic That Defines A Particular Product. ďProduct Attributes Account For Variation In The Effort Required To Develop Software Caused By Characteristics Of The Product.
- 3. PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES RELY ⢠Required Software Reliability DATA ⢠DataBase Size CPLX ⢠Product Complexity
- 4. PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES ďą REQUIRED SOFTWARE RELIABILITY (RELY) ďIn This Measure The Software Must Perform Its Intended Function Over A Period Of Time. ďIf The Effect Of A Software Failure Is Only Slight Inconvenience Then Rely Is Low Otherwise Rely Is High.
- 5. TABLE OF RELY Rating Levels Very Low Low Nominal High Very High Extra High RELY slight inconvenience low, easily recoverable losses moderate, easily recoverable losses high financial loss risk to human life Effort Multiplier 0.82 0.92 1.00 1.10 1.26 n/a
- 6. PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES ďą DATA BASE SIZE (DATA) ďThis Cost Driver Attempts To Capture The Effect Large Test Data Requirements Have On Product Development. ďThe Rating Is Determined By Calculating D/P, The Ratio Of Bytes In The Testing Database To SLOC In The Program. ďThe Reason The Size Of The Database Is Important To Consider Is Because Of The Effort Required To Generate The Test Data That Will Be Used To Exercise The Program
- 7. DATA Descriptors: Testing DB bytes/Pgm SLOC < 10 10 ⤠D/P < 100 10 ⤠D/P < 100 D/P ⼠1000 Rating Levels Very Low Low Nominal High Very High Extra High Effort Multipliers n/a 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.28 n/a Table of DATA DATA is rated as Low if D/P is less than 10 and it is very high if it is greater than 1000. P is measured in equivalent source lines of code (SLOC), which may involve function point or reuse conversions.
- 8. PRODUCT COMPLEXITY (CPLX) COMPLEXITY IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE AREAS: I. CONTROL OPERATIONS II. COMPUTATIONAL OPERATIONS III. DEVICE-DEPENDENT OPERATIONS IV. DATA MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS V. USER INTERFACE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS
- 9. PRODUCT COMPLEXITY (CPLX) THERE ARE SIX LEVELS OF CPLX: I. VERY LOW II. LOW III. NOMINAL IV. HIGH V. VERY HIGH VI. EXTRA HIGH
- 10. PRODUCT COMPLEXITY (CPLX) Rating Levels Very Low Low Nominal High Very High Extra High Control Operations Computational Operations Device- dependent Operations Data Management Operations User Interface Management Operations Effort Multipliers 0.73 0.87 1.00 1.17 1.34 1.74
- 11. Levels Control Operations Very Low Straight-line code with a few non-nested structured programming operators: DOs, CASEs, IF- THEN-ELSEs. Simple module composition via procedure calls or simple scripts. Low Straightforward nesting of structured programming operators. Mostly simple predicates Nominal Mostly simple nesting. Some intermodule control. Decision tables. Simple callbacks or message passing, including middleware- supported distributed processing High Highly nested structured programming operators with many compound predicates. Queue and stack control. Homogeneous, distributed processing. Single processor soft real-time control. Very High Reentrant and recursive coding. Fixed- priority interrupt handling. Task synchronization, complex callbacks, heterogeneous distributed processing. Single- processor hard real-time control. Extra High Multiple resource scheduling with dynamically changing priorities. Microcode-level control.
- 12. Levels Computational Operations Very Low Evaluation of simple expressions: e.g., A=B+C*(D- E) Low Evaluation of moderate-level expressions: e.g., D=SQRT(B**2- 4.*A*C) Nominal Use of standard math and statistical routines. Basic matrix/vector operations. High Basic numerical analysis: multivariate interpolation, ordinary differential equations. Basic truncation, round-off concerns. Very High Difficult but structured numerical analysis: near- singular matrix equations, partial differential equations. Simple parallelization. Difficult and unstructured numerical analysis: highly accurate
- 13. Levels Device- dependent Operations Very Low Simple read, write statements with simple formats. Low No cognizance needed of particular processor or I/O device characteristics. I/O done at GET/PUT level. Nominal I/O processing includes device selection, status checking and error processing. High Operations at physical I/O level (physical storage address translations; seeks, reads, etc.). Optimized I/O overlap. Very High Routines for interrupt diagnosis, servicing, masking. Communication line handling. Performance- intensive embedded systems. Extra High Device timing- dependent coding, micro- programmed operations. Performance- critical embedded systems.
- 14. Levels Data Management Operations Very Low Simple arrays in main memory. Simple COTS- DB queries, updates. Low Single file subsetting with no data structure changes, no edits, no intermediate files. Moderately complex COTS- DB queries, updates. Nominal Multi-file input and single file output. Simple structural changes, simple edits. Complex COTS-DB queries, updates. High Simple triggers activated by data stream contents. Complex data restructuring. Very High Distributed database coordination. Complex triggers. Search optimization. Highly coupled, dynamic relational and object structures.
- 15. Levels User Interface Management Operations Very Low Simple input forms, report generators. Low Use of simple graphic user interface (GUI) builders. Nominal Simple use of widget set. High Widget set development and extension. Simple voice I/O, multimedia. Very High Moderately complex 2D/3D, dynamic graphics, multimedia. Extra High Complex multimedia, virtual reality, natural language
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