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- 2. a. Horizontal Organization is often referred to as the scope and horizontal integration that is concerned with the arrangement of curriculum components at any point in time (Print, 1993).
- 3. For example, it asks about the relationship between Geography, History, Economics, and Civics in elementary Social Studies curriculum. It focuses on establishing relationships and integration among subject areas in elementary or secondary curriculum.
- 4. b. Vertical Organization focuses on the spiral progression of curriculum contents.
- 5. For example, what skills, concepts, and values should be taught in Science from Grade I to Grade VI. It focuses on the distribution of curriculum contents from Kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12). Looking at the spiral progression of curriculum content enables teachers to focus on developing students' mastery of the content by examining prerequisite knowledge and skills in learning different subjects.
- 7. Sequencing curriculum content is essential in curriculum design. Sequence defined as the order in which contents are presented to the learners (Print, 1993) Traditionally, contents are sequenced based on the nature of the subjects and disciplines they belong. They are also organized according to a specific curriculum design principle or philosophy.
- 8. a. Simple to Complex- this is traditionally applied to disciplines like Math, Language, Science, or Music. The topics are arranged in a progressive spiral sequence.
- 9. b. Prerequisite Learning-this principle is followed in subjects and courses that largely consist of laws and principles like Geometry, Algebra, and Physics. To understand the laws and principles, students should learn the basic prerequisite knowledge and concepts.
- 10. c. Chronology-this design principle suggests sequencing of content according to chronology of events. History is an example.
- 11. d. Whole-to-Part Learning-this is a deductive approach to designing contents. One must see the big picture of ideas to understand the specific concepts and skills.
- 12. e. Increasing Abstraction-content can be sequenced according to the ideil or principle that a student can learn most effectively if the concept of skill is related or relevant to own personal experiences.
- 13. Thank you!