Profiting from External Innovation
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The document discusses a study on inbound open innovation, presenting a three-phase process model based on a review of 280 publications. It defines open innovation and crowdsourcing while exploring their concepts, methodologies, and potential gaps in research. Key elements include obtaining, integrating, and commercializing innovations, as well as implications for businesses and future research directions.
Profiting from External Innovation
- 1. Profiting from External Innovation Joel West Marcel Bogers San Jose State U. U. of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg Keck Graduate Institute Industry Studies Conference June 2, 2011 Overview • Our study of inbound open innovation Based on review of 280 OI publications Three-phrase process model Recommendations re gaps/opportunities • Link back to crowdsourcing
- 2. Inbound Open Innovation What is “Open Innovation”? “Open innovation is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively.” Source: Chesbrough (2006) See also OpenInnovation.net/definition
- 3. Other definitional issues • Conflating innovation with invention (OK for now) with knowledge or antecedents (not OK) with content (not OK) • Success metrics Tend to be IP or product output Rarely: financial performance Model for inbound OI Innova&on Focal Firm Source 1 2 3 Sales / Customers R&D Marke.ng Innova&on Source Profiting from external innovations 1. Obtaining Nonrecursive paths 2. Integrating Innova&on Innova&on 3. Commercializing Source Source Suppliers Rivals Customers
- 4. 1. Obtaining • Searching: sourcing, brokerage, limits • Enabling: contests, toolkits, platforms • Filtering: gatekeepers, scouts • Acquiring: incentives, contracts 2. Integrating • External vs. internal innovations Substitutes vs. complements? Absorptive capacity Culture: NIH • Incentives to integration • Implications for competencies For producing internal innovations For incorporating external innovations
- 5. 3. Commercializing • Commercialization process Similar or different vs. internal innovations? • Value creation Most common topic Standard NPD metrics • Value capture Reduced cost or increased margin? Nonrecursive paths • Feedback loops R&D feedback Customer/market feedback E.g. “voice of the customer” • Reciprocal engagement Co-creation Communities Value networks E.g. joint ventures, R&D alliances
- 6. Gaps/future research • Alignment to business models • More rigorous use of “innovation” • Across the entire process • Non-linear models Open Innovation and Crowdsourcing
- 7. What is “Crowdsourcing”? “The act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call” Source: Howe (2006) Crowdsourcing archetypes • Online content networks (iStockPhoto) • Open innovation intermediaries (InnoCentive) • Small human intelligence tasks (Amazon Mechnical Turk) • Peer production and open content (Wikipedia) • Corporate without intermediaries (Dell IdeaStorm) • Open contest (TopCoder) Source: Ren & Levina (AOM 2010) via oiblog.net
- 8. Crowdsourcing Tech support InnoCentive Threadless X Prize Linux Licensed IP Business Extreme users sports Open User innovation innovation Thank you!