Project 2 finallllllll
- 1. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN Project 2: Application of Building Services BUILDING SERVICES DIARY - Electrical Supply System - Water Supply System - Sewerage and Sanitary System - Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System Building Services BLD 60903/ ARC 2423 Prepared by: NOOR SYAHIRAH BINTI ABDUL AZIZ Tutor/ Lecturer: Mr. Azim Sulaiman
- 2. Introduction Info and Data • Water Supply System • Electrical Supply System • Sewerage and Sanitary System • Rainwater/ Surface water Management Drawing Conclusion References TABLE OF CONTENT
- 3. This research report aims to look into the details of the various services required in a building. The service provided in the building include: electrical supply system, hot and cold water systems, storm water and drainage system and the sewage and sanitary system. Throughout the findings and analysis on the specific components, the functions and any information of the systems will be studied extensively in conjunction with the building to further understand the importance of the system in the building’s operation. The analysis is documented and translated into A4-bound report with detailed analysis on how the service components function in the building. Each of the systems are compared with Uniform Building By Law 1984 requirements in order to achieve better understanding of the space implications and regulations related to the distinct service components. The positioning and relation of the components are discussed and supported by diagrammatic images of the functioning of the system. INTRODUCTION
- 4. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) If there are any irregularities or signs of meter tampering, legal actions can be taken as provided under the Electricity Supply Act 1990 REGULATION 15 Any conductor or apparatus that is exposed to the weather , water ,corrosion, undue heating or use in inflammable surroundings or in an explosive atmosphere shall be constructed or protected in such a manner as to prevent danger REGULATION 16 Any fuse or circuit breaker shall be constructed and arranged in such manner so as to break the current when it exceeds a given value for such a sufficient time to prevent danger of over-heating, arcing or from the scattering of hot metal or other substance. REASONING The power supply into the building is increased by increasing the size of wire. This will allow the higher voltage appliances to be used. In Malaysia, the sole provider for electricity supply is TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) which mainly uses coal, oil and gas to generate the electrical power. There are power plants which are also generated by hydropower (water) and biomass.
- 5. How electricity is delivered
- 6. 2-gang switch cutting or double plug provide a connection to the electrical mains 3-gang switch is the interconnection of three electrical switches 4-gang switch is the interconnection of four electrical switches Exhaust Fan Exhaust fan is controlled using either switchboard or starter switch. Those controlled by switchboard shall trip upon receiving fire signal. For the smoke spill fans on the other hand, it will only operates if it receives the fire signal. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
- 7. 13A 2-gang socket is a double plug provide a connection to the electrical mains. Single Split Unit Air Conditioner Allows cooling of the room unachievable through conventional means. The temperature of the room can be adjusted to the needs of the room user. Distribution Board is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits. 3-blade Ceiling Fan Attached to the ceiling, it is placed in rooms to allow mechanical ventilation inside a room. Using a fan encourages air exchange, allowing fresh air to enter the room.
- 8. Emergency Light is a battery-backed lighting device that switches on automatically when a building black out. Downlight light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening in a ceiling. Electricity Meter Mounted near the entrance of the building, its function is to show the amount of electricity used by the building to be recorded and calculated by TNB.
- 9. SEWAGE AND SANITARY SUPPLY SYSTEM INDAH WATER KONSORTIUM it responsible to regulate the services for the existing sewage systems. STREET, DRAINAGE AND BUILDING ACT 1974 SECTION 57 No water pipe, stack pipe or down spout used for conveying surface water from any premises shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer. SEWERAGE SERVICES ACT 508 An act to amend and consolidate the laws relation to sewerage systems and sewerage services throughout Malaysia for the purpose of improving sanitation and the environment and promoting public health and to provide for matters. REASONING PVC pipes are used for soil pipe, vent pipe and VPC used for sewer pipe and waste pipe as it is more durable and cost effective compared to other materials. Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater primarily from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater ( or treated effluents). The sewerage system is principally made up of 3 facilities. • Sewers-which collect and carry wastewater. • Pumping stations-where wastewater is pumped up so that the sewers do not get too deep. • Water reclamation centers-where wastewater is treated to be clean water. Inspections, cleaning, and repairs are done daily in order to make sure each of these facilities works properly. National sewerage company in Malaysia was managed by IWK (Indah Water Konsortium)
- 10. Biosolids, the solid or semi-solid organic material generated by a wastewater treatment plant, result from the treatment of wastewater carried through sewer lines from homes and businesses to the treatment plant. Following treatment, the liquid (effluent) is typically discharged to a nearby stream and the solids (biosolids) or a product developed from the solids are removed from the treatment plant for disposal or beneficial use. The characteristics of biosolids vary depending on the sources of wastewater to the treatment plant and the treatment methods used at the treatment plant, and these characteristics will determine if beneficial use is feasible.
- 11. Floor Trap Installed in the toilet or any place that can get wet easily. A floor trap allows any water to escape out of the floor, preventing flooding. The water is directed down to the wastepipe then the manhole. Manhole All waste collected from a building is directed to the manhole for disposal at the I.W.H for further disposal. Manhole openings allow an access point for valve adjustments and underground maintenance. Sump A low-covered opening that collects unwanted liquid and water waste. It also serves a purpose of managing the surface runoff water from a building. Vent cowl A ventilation cowl placed on top of the roof which connects to the sanitary services in the building. The exhaust fumes and odor is directed out of the building and it is easily maintained. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
- 12. Sewer Pipe is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from buildings. P-Trap traps debris that has drained from the sink and prevents it from forming a clog. Waste pipe carries sewerage from sanitary fixtures. Gully Trap Constructed outside of the building to carry waste water discharge from kitchen sinks. Also to prevents noxious smells from entering the kitchen, while preventing cockroaches crawling through. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
- 13. STORM WATER AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM DRAINAGE SYSTEM BY-LAW UBBL 1984 Under law 115 (1) All roofs of buildings shall be constructed as to drain effectually to suitable and sufficient channels, gutters, chutes or troughs which shall be provided in accordance with requirements of there By-Law for receiving and conveying all water which may fall on and from the roof. (2) For buildings required to install SPAH, the design and construction of SPAH shall conform to the following requirement: (a) Rainwater must not flow into public water tank. Water tank from the public water tank can flow into the rainwater tank subjected to it being equipped with a one way non return valve or the over flow pipe in the rainwater tank is located at least 225mm lower from the inlet pipe to the rainwater tank. (b) SPAH outlet/ rainwater tank shall be clearly marked with "Not For Drinking or Bathing" (c) Gutters used shall have sufficient slope to prevent stagnant water. (d) Rainwater pipe shall be green in colour. STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM BY-LAW Under regulation 56, no pipe used for the carrying off rain water from any roof shall be used for the purpose of carrying of the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet or any suit age water. REASONING A separate drainage system is used so that there will be no overloading problems during heavy rain. Storm water is the result of rain or melting snow. Some of this water is absorbed by the earth and percolates down into underground aquifers, and some finds its way through ditches to streams and rivers that flow into lakes and oceans. Storm water is not treated before it is discharged to the environment. Official department which control the storm water drainage system in Malaysia is DID (Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia).
- 14. Perimeter Drain Channels rainwater runoff from the rainwater downpipe to the drainage sump. Also to prevents water from overflowing and flooding the land surrounding the house by channeling it to the sump. Rainwater Downpipe Installed underneath a roof to a gutter. Helps collecting and directing unwanted runoff water that accumulates on the rooftop to prevent water damage to the structure. It is either piped down to the perimeter drain or released to the ground. Gutter A shallow trough fixed beneath the edge of the roof to carry off rainwater to the rainwater downpipe. Allows rainwater to be channeled to the perimeter drain without splashing the apron. Apron labs installed around water points MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
- 15. COLD AND HOT WATER SUPPLY SYABAS Responsible to regulate the services for the existing water supply system UBBL- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAW 89 A chase made in a wall for pipes and other service facilities shall leave the wall at the back of the chase not less than 100mm thick in a party wall and shall not be wider than 200mm. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAW 123 Where ducts or enclosures are provided in any building to accommodate pipes, cables or conducts the dimensions of such ducts enclosures shall be: (a) sufficiently large to permit access to cleaning eyesm stop cocks, and other controls there to enable pairs, extensions and modifications to be made to each or all of the services accommodate. REASONING uPVC class D pipes are used for communication, service & distribution pipe. It is more durable and cost effective compare to other materials. Stainless steel and copper are use for the --- valves to withstand impact, abrasion and heat. Building water supply system is a system in plumbing which provides and distributes water to different parts of the building or structure, for purposes such as drinking, cleaning, washing, culinary use. It includes the water distribution pipes, control devices, equipment, and other appurtenances. Water supply in Malaysia was taken care under JBA (Jabatan Bakalan Air).
- 16. 1. Intake Crib Raw water from a surface water lake or reservoir is drawn into the plant through intake structures. Large debris like logs are prevented from entering and zebra mussel control is performed at the intake. 2 & 3. Screens Smaller debris like fish, vegetation and garbage are removed from the raw water by protective bar and traveling screens before the water enters the low lift pumps. 4. Low Lift Pump Well These pumps lift the water to flow through the treatment processes by gravity. 5. Pre-oxidation & Primary Disinfection Disinfectants or other oxidants are added to disinfect or control tastes and odours. The specific processes used are determined by the chemical and biological raw water characteristics. 6. Coagulation Coagulants, rapidly add electrochemical charges that attract the small particles in water to clump together as a “floc”. This initial charge neutralization process allows the formed floc to agglomerate but remain suspended. 7. Flocculation By slower mixing, turbulence causes the flocculated water to form larger floc particles that become cohesive and increase in mass. This visible floc is kept in suspension until large enough to settle under the influence of gravity.
- 17. 8 Sedimentation Flocculated water is applied to large volume tanks where the flow speed slows down and the dense floc settles. Settled floc is removed and treated as a waste product that is discharged to the sewer system. 9 Media Gravity Filtration Relatively floc free, settled water flows through a media filter by gravity. Filter media are made from layers of anthracite or granular activated carbon and sand. Gravel or synthetic materials support the media. Physical straining removes the remaining floc. Filters are periodically backwashed to clean off accumulated floc and other trapped impurities. 10 Clear Well Filtered water in the clear well is used to backwash filters and kept in storage to ensure that disinfectants are in contact with the water long enough to inactivate disease causing organisms. 11 Secondary Disinfection Supplemental chlorine is added to maintain disinfection concentrations while the water is pumped through the distribution system. The purpose is to ensure minimum residual disinfectant levels at the farthest points of the system. 12 Fluoridation A process where silicofluoride compounds are added to treated drinking water to artificially raise the fluoride concentration to within a specified range; for example between 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L (ppm). Fluoridation is an optional public health dental policy. 13 High Lift Pump Well Treat drinking water is pumped through large pressure pumps to other pumping stations, reservoirs or points of supply within the local distribution system. 14a & 14b Elevated Water Storage Towers and Ground Level Reservoirs Water distributed to water towers and storage reservoirs ensures stable water pressure. An adequate supply of water is maintained to meet peak water demands or emergencies such as fires, water main breaks, power outages and pump failures. Distribution System Distribution systems are comprised of large pipes known as trunk mains to deliver drinking water. Smaller diameter branch mains feed individual streets. Service connections to branch mains deliver water into residences. Pumping stations are used to increase pressure and to maintain adequate supply flows.
- 18. Water Meter installed usually at the front of the house or building, water meters are used to measure and monitor the water usage of the household or building. Stopcock Used to control water flow. It is usually used when maintenance is required to shut down water supply. HDPE Cold Water Tank is a container for storing liquid. Gate Valve installed to restrict water flow. The difference between this and a stopcock is that gate valves are used to prevent overflowing, minimizing water wastage. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
- 19. Copper Tubing is most often used for supply of hot and cold tap water. Copper offers a high level of corrosion resistance. uPVC Class D Pipe is a tubular section, or hollow cylinder, made of plastic. Of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey liquid.
- 20. CONCLUSION In conclusion, from this project, i became more familiar with the basic requirements in planning, coordination and installation of these services related to the local Acts and By-Laws of Malaysia. Through the assignment, I am able to distinguish the system use in the building service such as the electrical supply system, the hot and cold water supply system, the sewerage and sanitary system and storm water and drainage system. I also get the first hand experienced through our observation at the site and also improved our knowledge by knowing more about the dimension of the components and spaces required to install it. Finally, we hope through this assignment we will be able to use this knowledge for future references.
- 21. 1. Chudley, Roy. 1988. Building Finishes, Fittings and Domestic Services. 2nd Edition. Longman. 2. Greeno, R. 2000. Building Services Equipment. 5th Edition. Longman. 3. Hall, Frederick E. 1997. Building Services and Equipment. Volume 2. 2nd Edition. 4. Surface Water Treatment Plant – Flow Diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved July 07, 2017, from http://cof-cof.ca/surface-water-treatment-plant-flow- diagram/ REFERENCES