Course 12-Unit 1: Past perfect.
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The document discusses the past perfect tense. It states that the past perfect uses the auxiliary verb "had" plus the past participle of the main verb. It provides examples of sentences in the past perfect tense and notes that every example contains two past actions, with one action occurring before the other. The purpose of the past perfect is to establish that one past action had already occurred or been completed before another past action.
Course 12-Unit 1: Past perfect.
- 2. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this…
- 3. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb.
- 4. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect = have/has + verb in past Participle
- 5. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect = have/has + verb in past Participle I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años)
- 6. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect = have/has + verb in past Participle I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises)
- 7. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect = have/has + verb in past Participle I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Present Perfect = Use it when you want to express…
- 8. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect = have/has + verb in past Participle I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Present Perfect = Use it when you want to express… …actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
- 9. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect = have/has + verb in past Participle I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Present Perfect = Use it when you want to express… …actions that started in the past and continue in the present. …past actions with no definite or specific time.
- 10. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb.
- 11. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises)
- 12. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in affirmative form.
- 13. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative Present Perfect Tenses: Negative I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in affirmative form. I haven’t studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo no he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary hasn’t been to different countries. (Mary no ha estado en diferentes paises)
- 14. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative Present Perfect Tenses: Negative I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in affirmative form. I haven’t studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo no he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary hasn’t been to different countries. (Mary no ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in negative form.
- 15. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative Present Perfect Tenses: Negative Present Perfect Tenses: Interrogative I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in affirmative form. I haven’t studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo no he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary hasn’t been to different countries. (Mary no ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in negative form. Have you studied Chinese for 8 years? (¿Has estudiado Chino por 8 años?) Has Mary been to different countries? (¿Mary ha estado en diferentes paises?)
- 16. THE PAST PERFECT Take a look at this… Perfect tenses use “TO HAVE” as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative Present Perfect Tenses: Negative Present Perfect Tenses: Interrogative I have studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary has been to different countries. (Mary ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in affirmative form. I haven’t studied Chinese for 8 years. (Yo no he estudiado Chino por 8 años) Mary hasn’t been to different countries. (Mary no ha estado en diferentes paises) Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in negative form. Have you studied Chinese for 8 years? (¿Has estudiado Chino por 8 años?) Has Mary been to different countries? (¿Mary ha estado en diferentes paises?) The auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” goes before the subject/person.
- 17. THE PAST PERFECT …the PAST PERFECT is very similar in many ways…
- 18. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle
- 19. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle
- 20. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza)
- 21. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle Jane
- 22. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle Jane When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 23. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle
- 24. THE PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT Auxiliary “TO HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 25. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Jane When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera) When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 26. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Jane When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera) When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 27. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Jane When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera) When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 28. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Jane When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera) When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 29. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Jane When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera) When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner. (cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)
- 30. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?…
- 31. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza)
- 32. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) • Every sentence has two actions!
- 33. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Action 1 • Every sentence has two actions!
- 34. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Action 1Action 2 • Every sentence has two actions!
- 35. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Action 1Action 2 • Every sentence has two actions! • One action happened before the other!
- 36. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Action 1Action 2 • Every sentence has two actions! • One action happened before the other! First (Action 1): She ate half a pizza.
- 37. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Action 1Action 2 • Every sentence has two actions! • One action happened before the other! First (Action 1): She ate half a pizza. Then (Action 2): I took the picture.
- 38. THE PAST PERFECT Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?… When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. (cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza) Action 1Action 2 • Every sentence has two actions! • One action happened before the other! First (Action 1): She ate half a pizza. Then (Action 2): I took the picture. Both actions are in the past!
- 39. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza.
- 40. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECT
- 41. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST
- 42. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST This action happened first
- 43. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST This action happened firstThis action happened second.
- 44. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST This action happened firstThis action happened second. The action that happened second, goes in SIMPLE PAST.
- 45. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST This action happened firstThis action happened second. The action that happened first goes in PAST PEREFECT The action that happened second, goes in SIMPLE PAST.
- 46. THE PAST PERFECT When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza. This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST This action happened firstThis action happened second. The action that happened first goes in PAST PEREFECT The action that happened second, goes in SIMPLE PAST. The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST.
- 47. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST.
- 48. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
- 49. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
- 50. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first?
- 51. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first?
- 52. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first? What action happened second?
- 53. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first? What action happened second?
- 54. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first? What action happened second? What tense is the first action? Past Perfect
- 55. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first? What action happened second? What tense is the first action? Past Perfect What tense is the second action?
- 56. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. What action happened first? What action happened second? What tense is the first action? Past Perfect What tense is the second action? Simple Past
- 57. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. Because we had not booked in advance, we were not able to get a hotel room
- 58. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. Because we had not booked in advance, we were not able to get a hotel room This sentence is in PAST PERFECT
- 59. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. Because we had not booked in advance, we were not able to get a hotel room This sentence is in PAST PERFECT And happened first
- 60. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. Because we had not booked in advance, we were not able to get a hotel room This sentence is in PAST PERFECT And happened first This sentence is in SIMPLE PAST
- 61. THE PAST PERFECT The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened before another action in the PAST. Because we had not booked in advance, we were not able to get a hotel room This sentence is in PAST PERFECT And happened first This sentence is in SIMPLE PAST And happened second
- 62. THE PAST PERFECT