Project powerpoint
- 1. The Effect of Fertilization and Environmental Factors on Water Quality in the Upper Cove River WatershedDanielle Eldracher
- 2. BackgroundWatershed originates in the Yale Golf CourseEmpties into Long Island Sound in West HavenTravels through a variety of lake, marsh, forest and residential topographyIncludes a potable water reservoirEast Tributary flows directly from the golf courseWest Tributary comes from another direction controlThe two converge and flow into reservoirWater flows over spillway and into another lake
- 3. Past ResearchIn the past few decades, industrialization, population growth, and intensive use of chemical fertilizers have doubled the amount of nitrogen in circulation (Horton)Coastal bays and oceans are hit hardest rivers dump runoffLow-lying wetlands are key to a healthy watershed they trap runoff and filter its harmful sediments through natural vegetation (Mitchell)Excess nitrates can cause blue-baby syndrome in infants, and can potentially lead to cancer
- 4. PurposeLearn about the overall water qualityDetermine how human activity affects it (fertilization)Determine how natural and environmental factors affect it
- 5. Variables/HypothesisIV: Time, Location, Environmental factorsDV: Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Conductivity, and Nitrate measurementsHypothesis: Nitrate will be higher in the east tributary due to fertilization of the golf coursewater quality will improve/recover from any nitrate pollution after flowing through marsh areasTemperature and dissolved oxygen concentration will be inversely related
- 6. MaterialsVernier Probes: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, conductivityBucket with ropeWash bottle with distilled waterKim wipesTest tubes and holderNitrate Standard solutions : high (100 mg/L) and low (10 mg/L)MUC field guideGPS unitNotebook and pencilStopwatch
- 7. ProcedureRecord date and time and make notes about the weather/surroundingsRecord any relevant observations at each sample siteFill the bucket with water from the sample siteImmediately test for temperature and dissolved oxygenTest for pH and NitrateTest for conductivity
- 8. Procedure ContinuedFor each test, the probe should remain completely submerged for 1-2 minutesProbes should not touch the sides of the container The tips of the probes should not be touchedAfter each test, rinse off the probe with distilled water Dry using Kim wipesSecure the probe back in its solution bottle if it has one
- 9. Sample Sites
- 10. Nitrate Averages
- 12. Nitrate Changes Over TimeTributariesOther Sites
- 13. Dissolved Oxygen Changes TributariesOther Sites
- 14. Conductivity Changes TributariesOther Sites
- 15. pH Changes Over TimeTributariesOther Sites
- 16. Additional Tests
- 17. ConclusionsNitrate concentrations higher overall in east tributary than in west tributaryNitrate seems to be filtered out as water flows through wetlands—from confluence to spillway to outletDO concentrations higher overall in the west tributary than in the east tributarypH was lowest at the end of October and highest at the beginning of January
- 18. SourcesAnderson, Chauncey W. "Ecological Effects on Streams from Forest." Water-Resources Investigations Report: n. pag. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. <http://or.water.usgs.gov/pubs/WRIR01-4047/wri014047.pdf>. Carter, Virginia. "Wetland Hydrology, Water Quality, and Associated Functions." water.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey, 7 Mar. 1997. Web. 9 Sept. 2010. <http://water.usgs.gov/nwsum/WSP2425/hydrology.html>. Evans, Robert, J. W. Gilliam, and J. P. Lilly. "Wetlands and Water Quality." www.bae.ncsu.edu. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, June 1996. Web. 7 Sept. 2010. <http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/ evans/ag473-7.html>.Fox, T. R., et al. "Forest Fertilization and Water Quality." Better Crops 91.1 (2007): 7-9. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. <http://www.ipni.net/ppiweb/bcrops.nsf/ $webindex/F8B6AF8F6BF7C25A85257276007048BB/$file/07-1p07.pdf>. "Functions and Values of Wetlands." www.ecy.wa.gov. Washington State Department of Ecology, n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2010. <http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/ wetlands/functions.html>. Graves, Scott M. "The Cove River Historical Site." coveriver.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. <http://coveriver.org/index2dw.html>. Mullins, Daniel E. "Fertilization Practices Can Affect Water Quality." Pensacola News Journal (Jan. 2001): n. pag. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. <http://www.co.santa-rosa.fl.us/extension/documents/fertilization.pdf>. "WATER PURIFICATION: An Essential Ecosystem Service ." www.esa.org. Ecological Society of America, n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2010. <http://www.esa.org/ ecoservices/comm/body.comm.fact.wate.html>.Wetlands—Nature’s Water Filters ." www.ducks.ca. Ducks Unlimited Canada, n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2010. <http://www.ducks.ca/resource/general/wetland/ wetlands.html>.