Project Report
- 1. MMC-II Project Report Dual Powered Water Drawing System Group Members: M. Waqas Siddiq (2011-ME-322) Hafiz M. Asif (2011-ME-326) Zamad Ahmad (2011-ME-317) Daniyal Ahmad (2011-ME-340) Submitted To: Mr. Amjad Asst. Professor UET (KSK Campus)
- 2. PAGE 1 Inspiration … Water is very necessary in every field of life especially in agriculture. In the fields of rice there is need to have a continuous supply of water. Now a days this need is full filled by water drawing from tube well or bores by using heavy duty pumps which required a lot of energy. Electricity is very costly in Pakistan and so the system proved to be very uneconomical. Our system is dual powered and on solar energy the energy cost is nullified. Also when using AC supply the amount of electricity required is very less. This system can provide solution for many problems related to agriculture department. Materials Used: Carbon Steel Carbon steel is steel in which the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon in the range of 0.12–2.0%. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) defines carbon steel as the following: "Steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40 percent; or when the maximum content specified for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, copper 0.60." 1. Mild Steel: Mild steel, also known as plain-carbon steel, is the most common form of steel because its price is relatively low while it provides material properties that are acceptable for many applications, more so than iron. Low-carbon steel contains approximately 0.05–0.320% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and malleable; surface hardness can be increased through carburizing. It is often used when large quantities of steel are needed, for example as structural steel. The density of mild steel is approximately 7.85 g/cm3 (7850 kg/m3 or 0.284 lb. /in3) and the Young's modulus is 210 GPa (30,000,000 psi). Stainless Steel: In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French "inoxydable", is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass. Stainless steel does not readily corrode, rust or stain with water as ordinary steel does, but despite the name it is not fully stain-proof, most notably under low-oxygen, high-salinity, or poor- circulation environments. There are different grades and surface finishes of stainless steel to
- 3. PAGE 2 suit the environment the alloy must endure. Stainless steel is used where both the properties of steel and resistance to corrosion are required. Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by the amount of chromium present. Unprotected carbon steel rusts readily when exposed to air and moisture. This iron oxide film (the rust) is active and accelerates corrosion by forming more iron oxide, and due to the greater volume of the iron oxide this tends to flake and fall away. Stainless steels contain sufficient chromium to form a passive film of chromium oxide, which prevents further surface corrosion by blocking oxygen diffusion to the steel surface and blocks corrosion from spreading into the metal's internal structure, and due to the similar size of the steel and oxide ions they bond very strongly and remain attached to the surface. Calculations and specifications: Objective: It is demonstration of a water drawing system which is powered by solar energy. Components: 1) Control Panel 2) DC Gear Motor 3) Pulleys & Belt 4) Bearings 5) Shafts 6) Belt & Buckets 7) Frame 1. Control Panel The power input of the system is dual. It can be operated both by AC supply/Solar power. The control panel consist of the transformer and a two way switch. Transformer is applied to step down the applied ac supply and rectifier circuit convert it into dc. Which is supplied to the motor Transformer specification 220 Volt to 12 volt 1.1 A Copper winding 2. DC gear motor This is used to derive the shaft on which the buckets belt is mounted. It delivers the power by using pulley n belt system.
- 4. PAGE 3 Specifications: Operating voltage 12 volts 2.1 ampere 10 rpm Torque 30 kg-cm 3. Pulleys and belts Belts: Vee belts (also known as V-belt or wedge rope) solved the slippage and alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best combination of traction, speed of movement, load of the bearings, and long service life. The "V" shape of the belt tracks in a mating groove in the pulley (or sheave), with the result that the belt cannot slip off. The belt also tends to wedge into the groove as the load increases—the greater the load, the greater the wedging action—improving torque transmission and making the V-belt an effective solution, needing less width and tension than flat belts. V-belts trump flat belts with their small center distances and high reduction ratios. The preferred center distance is larger than the largest pulley diameter, but less than three times the sum of both pulleys. Optimal speed range is 1,000–7,000 ft. /min (300–2,130 m/min). V-belts need larger pulleys for their larger thickness than flat belts. For high-power requirements, two or more Vee belts can be joined side-by-side in an arrangement called a multi-V, running on matching multi-groove sheaves. This is known as a multiple-V-belt drive (or sometimes a "classical V-belt drive"). V-belts may be homogeneously rubber or polymer throughout, or there may be fibers embedded in the rubber or polymer for strength and reinforcement. The fibers may be of textile materials such as cotton, polyamide (such as Nylon) or polyester or, for greatest strength, of steel or aramid (such as Twaron or Kevlar).
- 5. PAGE 4 Pulleys: V-belt pulleys (also called Vee belt sheaves) are devices which transmit power between axles by the use of a V-belt, a mechanical linkage with a trapezoidal cross-section. Together these devices offer a high-speed power transmission solution that is resistant to slipping and misalignment. V-belt pulleys are solely used for transmitting power between two parallel axels. The most notable difference between a v-belt pulley and other types of pulleys (round belt, flat, etc.) would be the geometry of the groove or grooves located around the circumference of the pulley; these grooves guide and gain traction on a v-belt. The accompanying video offers a comprehensive overview of some v-belt basics, as well as their advantages and variations. Specifications: Dia of motor pulley 3” Dia of shaft pulley 2” Grove type V groove Belt name A-18 Material of pulleys cast iron 4. Bearings A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion and reduces friction between moving parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Many bearings also facilitate the desired motion as much as possible, such as by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation,
- 6. PAGE 5 the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. The term "bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear" a bearing being a machine element that allows one part to bear another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness and location of the surface. Other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine part. The most sophisticated bearings for the most demanding applications are very precise devices; their manufacture requires some of the highest standards of current technology. Four bearing are used at both ends of the two driving shafts Specifications: Bearing 6204 Inner dia 20 mm Outer dia 47 mm 5. Shafts A DRIVE SHAFT, DRIVESHAFT, DRIVING SHAFT, PROPELLER SHAFT OR CARDAN SHAFT is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them. As torque carriers, drive shafts are subject to torsion and shear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. They must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their inertia.
- 7. PAGE 6 These are the shafts on which the bucket belt revolve Specifications: Power shaft dia 4” Rotations shaft dia 2.5” Material S.S 6. Buckets and belt This system is used to lift water buckets are mounted on it by the help of screws. Specification: Belt material Rubber and carbon Buckets 3“deep. 2.5“width Buckets material M.S 7. Frame/body This holds all the components of project. Specification: Material M.S Width 2’ Height 3.4’